Abstract：
In recent years, the demand for clean water has been growing all over the world despite the different threats posed, including increasing pollution, increasing deforestation and climate change. Industrial activity is the second largest consumer of water, so highly industrialized regions are more susceptible to water stress. In this sense, reuse strategies have been progressively discussed and used around the world; however, in Brazil there is still place for many advances, whether due to lack of incentives, cultural issues in society, or poor regulation of the subject. The objective of this work was to carry out a diagnosis of raw water uptake by industries in one Hydrographic Region of the state of Rio de Janeiro and to propose a discussion on the adoption of water reuse practices for non-potable purposes from the use of treated effluents. A survey of the theoretical framework on the subject was carried out, as well as an analysis of sustainability indicators and reports of the companies, including the current licensing processes of large undertakings consuming water resources. With this study, it was possible to obtain the average cost of implementing a water reuse unit for an industry in the state of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, which, despite still being expensive, has a strong tendency to use due to world water shortages. Finally, it was concluded that the state of Rio de Janeiro has a threat of water scarcity that could be aggravated in the coming years, if measures and investments in supply alternatives are not adopted (water reuse), and improvement in all stages of water management water resources.
摘要：
近年来,尽管构成了不同的威胁，但世界各地对清洁水的需求一直在增长，包括日益严重的污染,增加森林砍伐和气候变化。工业活动是水的第二大消费，所以高度工业化的地区更容易受到水的压力。在这个意义上,重用策略已在世界各地逐步讨论和使用；然而，在巴西，仍然有许多进步的地方，无论是由于缺乏激励，社会中的文化问题,或者对主题的监管不力。这项工作的目的是对里约热内卢州一个水文地区的工业原水吸收进行诊断，并提出关于从使用处理后的废水中采用非饮用水用途的水回用做法的讨论。对这一主题的理论框架进行了调查，以及对公司可持续性指标和报告的分析，包括目前消耗水资源的大型企业的许可程序。通过这项研究,在里约热内卢-巴西州，可以获得实施水回用装置的平均成本，which,尽管仍然很贵，由于世界水资源短缺，有强烈的使用趋势。最后,得出的结论是，里约热内卢州面临水资源短缺的威胁，这种威胁在未来几年可能会加剧，如果不采取替代供应措施和投资(水回用)，改善水资源管理的各个阶段。
