Abstract：
The first therapeutic benefits of insulin were recorded after the injection of pancreatic extract, given on January 23, 1922 in Toronto to a 14-year-old teenager. Until then, type I diabetes was always fatal, within weeks or months; the fatal outcome being delayed only at the cost of a drastic low-calorie diet. In previous decades, the importance of the pancreas in the development of diabetes had been pointed out, but all attempts to use a pancreatic extract had failed. It is with the objective of \"neutralizing\" the destructive effects of pancreatic juice (proteolytic) that the isolation of insulin was carried out by a research team which was totally improbable since it was headed by an orthopedic surgeon, Frederick Banting and a 22-year-old stagiaire, Charles Best. Their work was carried out in the university physiology laboratory of John Macleod and their outcome was made possible thanks to the skills of James Collip who purified the insulin preparation. Scientific reality invites us to emphasize that, Banting works, based on a wrong hypothesis, drew towards an historical discovery. Very quickly recognized as of major importance for medicine, the discovery was greeted by the attribution of the Nobel Prize in 1923. For a hundred years, insulin has not ceased to be an essential drug for tens of millions of patients in the world, but it has been a motor for scientific research: innovation in galenic pharmacy and biopharmacy, in fundamental chemistry as a subject for the study of the structure, analysis and synthesis of proteins, and finally, as a motor for the development of biotechnologies, since insulin was the first drug prepared by DNA-recombinant technology, and marketed in 1982.
摘要：
注射胰腺提取物后记录了胰岛素的第一个治疗益处，1922年1月23日在多伦多给一名14岁的少年。在那之前,I型糖尿病总是致命的,在几周或几个月内；致命的结果只是以大量低热量饮食为代价而延迟。在过去的几十年里，已经指出了胰腺在糖尿病发展中的重要性，但是所有使用胰腺提取物的尝试都失败了。为了“中和”胰液的破坏性作用（蛋白水解），胰岛素的分离是由一个研究小组进行的，因为它是由整形外科医生领导的，这是完全不可能的，弗雷德里克·班廷和一个22岁的舞台剧,查尔斯·贝斯特.他们的工作是在约翰·麦克劳德的大学生理学实验室进行的，由于詹姆斯·科利普（JamesCollip）纯化胰岛素制剂的技能，他们的结果得以实现。科学现实邀请我们强调，班廷的作品，基于一个错误的假设，走向历史发现。很快就认识到对医学至关重要，1923年诺贝尔奖的归属迎接了这一发现。一百年来，胰岛素并没有停止成为世界上数千万患者的基本药物，但它一直是科学研究的动力:盖伦制药和生物制药的创新，在基础化学中作为结构研究的学科，蛋白质的分析和合成，最后，作为生物技术发展的动力，由于胰岛素是第一种通过DNA重组技术制备的药物，并于1982年上市。
