Abstract：
Deficits in cognitive functions are observed in various diseases. The term \"nootropics\" refers to the compounds that increase mental functions, including memory, motivation, concentration and attention. Given the complexity and vastness of the processes involved in cognition, developing an appropriate animal model for the screening of nootropic agents still remains a daunting task.
This review attempts to elicit the current trends in the animal models being used for screening of nootropic agents and effectively use this knowledge to improve prospects embarking on this area of research.
Electronic searches were carried out on PubMed using the keywords \"nootropic agents\"[MeSH Term] OR \"nootropic drugs\" [MeSH Term] AND \"animal model\" [MeSH Term] OR \"animal model, experimental\" [MeSH Term]. All relevant studies from 2016 to 31st August, 2021, were then reviewed to meet the stated objective.
The most commonly used disease model for screening of nootropic agents was found to be the animal model of Alzheimer\'s disease. Disease models of vascular dementia or stroke, depression or anxiety, schizophrenia, epilepsy or seizure, diabetes and traumatic brain injury, among others, have also been used. There exists a wide variety of behavioral tests to assess cognition.
Since a variety of etiologies can affect cognitive processes. Hence, a nootropic agent may be screened in a variety of disease models. The most widely used and appropriate method to assess cognition would be by combining the behavioral and biochemical assays so that a more comprehensive profile of the nootropic effects of a drug can be elicited.
This review attempts to elicit the current trends in the animal models being used for screening of nootropic agents and effectively use this knowledge to improve prospects embarking on this area of research.
Electronic searches were carried out on PubMed using the keywords \"nootropic agents\"[MeSH Term] OR \"nootropic drugs\" [MeSH Term] AND \"animal model\" [MeSH Term] OR \"animal model, experimental\" [MeSH Term]. All relevant studies from 2016 to 31st August, 2021, were then reviewed to meet the stated objective.
The most commonly used disease model for screening of nootropic agents was found to be the animal model of Alzheimer\'s disease. Disease models of vascular dementia or stroke, depression or anxiety, schizophrenia, epilepsy or seizure, diabetes and traumatic brain injury, among others, have also been used. There exists a wide variety of behavioral tests to assess cognition.
Since a variety of etiologies can affect cognitive processes. Hence, a nootropic agent may be screened in a variety of disease models. The most widely used and appropriate method to assess cognition would be by combining the behavioral and biochemical assays so that a more comprehensive profile of the nootropic effects of a drug can be elicited.
摘要：
背景：在各种疾病中观察到认知功能的缺陷。术语“智能性”是指增加心理功能的化合物，包括记忆，动机，浓度和注意力。鉴于认知过程的复杂性和广泛性，开发合适的动物模型来筛选促智药仍然是一项艰巨的任务。
目的：这篇综述试图揭示目前用于筛选促智药的动物模型的趋势，并有效地利用这些知识来改善这一研究领域的前景。
方法：在PubMed上使用关键字\"促智药\"[MeSH术语]或\"促智药\"[MeSH术语]和\"动物模型\"[MeSH术语]或\"动物模型，实验性\“[MeSH术语]。然后对2016年至2021年8月31日的所有相关研究进行了审查，以达到既定目标。
结果：发现用于筛选促智药的最常用疾病模型是阿尔茨海默病的动物模型。血管性痴呆或中风的疾病模型，抑郁或焦虑,精神分裂症,癫痫或癫痫发作，糖尿病和创伤性脑损伤，其中,也被使用过。为了评估认知，也有各种各样的行为测试可供选择。
结论：由于多种病因可以影响认知过程，因此，可以在多种疾病模型中筛选促智药。评估认知的最广泛使用和适当的方法是结合行为和生化测定，以便可以得出有关药物促智作用的更全面的概况。
目的：这篇综述试图揭示目前用于筛选促智药的动物模型的趋势，并有效地利用这些知识来改善这一研究领域的前景。
方法：在PubMed上使用关键字\"促智药\"[MeSH术语]或\"促智药\"[MeSH术语]和\"动物模型\"[MeSH术语]或\"动物模型，实验性\“[MeSH术语]。然后对2016年至2021年8月31日的所有相关研究进行了审查，以达到既定目标。
结果：发现用于筛选促智药的最常用疾病模型是阿尔茨海默病的动物模型。血管性痴呆或中风的疾病模型，抑郁或焦虑,精神分裂症,癫痫或癫痫发作，糖尿病和创伤性脑损伤，其中,也被使用过。为了评估认知，也有各种各样的行为测试可供选择。
结论：由于多种病因可以影响认知过程，因此，可以在多种疾病模型中筛选促智药。评估认知的最广泛使用和适当的方法是结合行为和生化测定，以便可以得出有关药物促智作用的更全面的概况。
