Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Plant beneficial rhizobacteria (PBR) improve salt tolerance and plant yield in vegetable plants by producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid and phosphate solubilization. Organic-based carrier material is needed to ensure the PBR\'s uniform application, distribution, survival and functioning in a variety of fields. The PBR also use carbon present in the carrier as food and energy source. The selection of a suitable organic-based carrier material for the application of the PBR in normal and saline soils always has received less attention. The current study compared the PBR suitability of different organic-based carrier materials (biochar, biogas residues [BGRs] and coconut powder) and evaluated their effects on okra productivity under normal and saline soil conditions.
RESULTS: In a pot experiment, the PBR strain Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 (accession number, MG548383) was applied with/or without organic-based carrier materials to okra grown in three different soils: S1 (EC 1.0 dS m-1 ), S2 (EC 3.0 dS m-1 ) and S3 (EC 5.0 dS m-1 ). The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with five replicates in factorial arrangement. Results indicated that in soil S1, PBR + BGR increased the number of pods per plant, plant dry weight and indole compounds by 64%, 68% and 17% while reduced the electrolyte leakage (ELL), malonaldehyde (MDA) contents and stress ethylene level by 17%, 55% and 38%, respectively over the PBR application without any carrier. Similarly, in soil S2, the treatment PBR + BGR increased the number of pods by 81%, plant dry weight by 40% and indole compounds by 13% while reduced the ELL by 17%, MDA contents by 50% and stress ethylene by 30% over the PBR alone treatment. In soil S3, PBR + biochar increased the number of pods by 51%, plant dry weight by 62% and indole compounds by 20%, while reduced the ELL by 21%, MDA by 40% and indole compounds by 54% over the PBR alone treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Results concluded that in soil S1 and S2 (normal soils), BGR as carrier for PBR showed best results, while in soil S3, biochar as carrier for PBR resulted in enhanced potassium (K+ ) and calcium (Ca+2 ) uptake and increased the productivity of okra.
CONCLUSIONS: Response of different carrier materials in supporting PBR under different soil conditions was variable. This study will help in the selection and use of best suitable carrier material for PBR application under different soil conditions. It is recommended that farmer should use BGR as carrier material for PBR application in normal soils while biochar should be used as carrier for the PBR application in saline soil.
RESULTS: In a pot experiment, the PBR strain Bacillus sp. MR-1/2 (accession number, MG548383) was applied with/or without organic-based carrier materials to okra grown in three different soils: S1 (EC 1.0 dS m-1 ), S2 (EC 3.0 dS m-1 ) and S3 (EC 5.0 dS m-1 ). The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with five replicates in factorial arrangement. Results indicated that in soil S1, PBR + BGR increased the number of pods per plant, plant dry weight and indole compounds by 64%, 68% and 17% while reduced the electrolyte leakage (ELL), malonaldehyde (MDA) contents and stress ethylene level by 17%, 55% and 38%, respectively over the PBR application without any carrier. Similarly, in soil S2, the treatment PBR + BGR increased the number of pods by 81%, plant dry weight by 40% and indole compounds by 13% while reduced the ELL by 17%, MDA contents by 50% and stress ethylene by 30% over the PBR alone treatment. In soil S3, PBR + biochar increased the number of pods by 51%, plant dry weight by 62% and indole compounds by 20%, while reduced the ELL by 21%, MDA by 40% and indole compounds by 54% over the PBR alone treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Results concluded that in soil S1 and S2 (normal soils), BGR as carrier for PBR showed best results, while in soil S3, biochar as carrier for PBR resulted in enhanced potassium (K+ ) and calcium (Ca+2 ) uptake and increased the productivity of okra.
CONCLUSIONS: Response of different carrier materials in supporting PBR under different soil conditions was variable. This study will help in the selection and use of best suitable carrier material for PBR application under different soil conditions. It is recommended that farmer should use BGR as carrier material for PBR application in normal soils while biochar should be used as carrier for the PBR application in saline soil.
摘要：
目的：植物有益根际细菌（PBR）通过生产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶来提高蔬菜植物的耐盐性和植物产量，吲哚-3-乙酸和磷酸盐溶解。需要有机基载体材料来确保PBR的均匀应用，分布，在各个领域的生存和运作。PBR还使用载体中存在的碳作为食物和能源。在正常和盐渍土壤中选择合适的有机基载体材料来应用PBR总是很少受到关注。当前的研究比较了不同有机基载体材料(生物炭，沼气残留物[BGR]和椰子粉），并评估了它们在正常和盐渍土壤条件下对秋葵生产力的影响。
结果：在盆栽实验中，PBR菌株Bacillussp.MR-1/2(登录号，MG548383）与/或不与有机基载体材料一起应用于在三种不同土壤中生长的秋葵：S1（EC1.0dSm-1），S2(EC3.0dSm-1)和S3(EC5.0dSm-1)。实验以完全随机的设计进行，以阶乘排列重复五次。结果表明，在S1土壤中，PBR+BGR增加了单株豆荚的数量，植物干重和吲哚化合物减少64%，68%和17%，同时减少了电解质泄漏(ELL)，丙二醛(MDA)含量和胁迫乙烯水平降低17%，55%和38%，分别在PBR申请上没有任何载体。同样，在土壤S2中，PBR+BGR处理使豆荚数量增加了81%，植物干重减少了40%，吲哚化合物减少了13%，而ELL减少了17%，与PBR单独处理相比，MDA含量提高了50％，胁迫乙烯提高了30％。在土壤S3中，PBR+生物炭增加了51%的豆荚数量，植物干重占62%，吲哚化合物占20%，虽然ELL减少了21%，与PBR单独处理相比,MDA增加40%,吲哚化合物增加54%。
结论：结果得出结论，在土壤S1和S2（正常土壤）中，BGR作为PBR的载体表现出最好的结果，而在土壤S3中，生物炭作为PBR的载体导致钾（K）和钙（Ca2）的吸收增强，并提高了秋葵的生产力。
结论：在不同土壤条件下，不同载体材料在支撑PBR中的响应是可变的。这项研究将有助于在不同土壤条件下选择和使用最适合PBR应用的载体材料。建议农民在正常土壤中使用BGR作为PBR施用的载体材料，而在盐渍土壤中使用生物炭作为PBR施用的载体。
结果：在盆栽实验中，PBR菌株Bacillussp.MR-1/2(登录号，MG548383）与/或不与有机基载体材料一起应用于在三种不同土壤中生长的秋葵：S1（EC1.0dSm-1），S2(EC3.0dSm-1)和S3(EC5.0dSm-1)。实验以完全随机的设计进行，以阶乘排列重复五次。结果表明，在S1土壤中，PBR+BGR增加了单株豆荚的数量，植物干重和吲哚化合物减少64%，68%和17%，同时减少了电解质泄漏(ELL)，丙二醛(MDA)含量和胁迫乙烯水平降低17%，55%和38%，分别在PBR申请上没有任何载体。同样，在土壤S2中，PBR+BGR处理使豆荚数量增加了81%，植物干重减少了40%，吲哚化合物减少了13%，而ELL减少了17%，与PBR单独处理相比，MDA含量提高了50％，胁迫乙烯提高了30％。在土壤S3中，PBR+生物炭增加了51%的豆荚数量，植物干重占62%，吲哚化合物占20%，虽然ELL减少了21%，与PBR单独处理相比,MDA增加40%,吲哚化合物增加54%。
结论：结果得出结论，在土壤S1和S2（正常土壤）中，BGR作为PBR的载体表现出最好的结果，而在土壤S3中，生物炭作为PBR的载体导致钾（K）和钙（Ca2）的吸收增强，并提高了秋葵的生产力。
结论：在不同土壤条件下，不同载体材料在支撑PBR中的响应是可变的。这项研究将有助于在不同土壤条件下选择和使用最适合PBR应用的载体材料。建议农民在正常土壤中使用BGR作为PBR施用的载体材料，而在盐渍土壤中使用生物炭作为PBR施用的载体。
