Abstract：
Alcohol use is coming under increasing scrutiny with respect to its health impacts on the body. In this vein, several high-income countries have issued low-risk drinking guidelines in the past decade, aiming to educate the public on safer levels of alcohol use. Research on the sex-specific health effects of alcohol has indicated higher damage with lower amounts of alcohol for females as well as overall sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of alcohol in male and female bodies. Research on gender-related factors, while culturally dependent, indicates increased susceptibility to sexual assault and intimate partner violence as well as more negative gender norms and stereotypes about alcohol use for women. Sex- and gender-specific guidelines have been issued in some countries, suggesting lower amounts of alcohol consumption for women than men; however, in other countries, sex- and gender-blind advice has been issued. This article reports on a synthesis of the evidence on both sex- and gender-related factors affecting safer levels of drinking alcohol with an emphasis on women\'s use. We conclude that supporting and expanding the development of sex- and gender-specific low-risk drinking guidelines offers more nuanced and educative information to clinicians and consumers and will particularly benefit women and girls.
摘要：
关于酒精对身体的健康影响，酒精的使用正受到越来越多的审查。在这种情况下，在过去十年中，一些高收入国家发布了低风险饮酒指南，旨在教育公众更安全的饮酒水平。关于酒精对特定性别健康影响的研究表明，女性对酒精的损害较高，酒精含量较低，男性和女性体内酒精的药代动力学存在总体性别差异。性别相关因素研究，虽然文化上依赖，表明对性侵犯和亲密伴侣暴力的敏感性增加，以及对女性饮酒的负面性别规范和陈规定型观念增加。一些国家发布了针对性别的和针对性别的准则，这表明女性的饮酒量低于男性；然而，在其他国家,已经发布了性别和性别盲目的建议。本文报告了有关性别和性别相关因素影响更安全饮酒水平的证据的综合，重点是女性的使用。我们得出的结论是，支持和扩大针对性别和性别的低风险饮酒指南的制定，为临床医生和消费者提供了更细致入微的教育信息，尤其有利于妇女和女孩。
