Abstract：
Looking through the lens of ecological system theory, this paper used a mixed-method approach, based on 20 interviews and 208 Early Childhood Education (ECE) teacher questionnaires, to elaborate the position of ECE in Pakistan. The study indicates that ECE is between a rock and a hard place in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The findings further show that ECE is provided by less qualified and inexperienced teachers, who give less attention to the physical and psychological needs of the students. The classrooms are overcrowded and lack relevant teaching-learning materials. Moreover, the single-teacher policy and overcrowded classrooms hinder students\' motivation, the delivery of quality education and the development of good behaviors. These challenges are also the main causes of students\' dropouts. This paper increases people\'s understanding of ECE and its challenges in Pakistan. For ECE development, the paper recommends separating ECE from primary schools and giving it a budget to purchase adequate and relevant resources.
摘要：
从生态系统理论的角度来看，本文采用了混合方法，基于20次访谈和208份幼儿教育(ECE)教师问卷，阐述欧洲经委会在巴基斯坦的立场。研究表明，欧洲经委会位于开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省的一块岩石和一块坚硬的地方之间，巴基斯坦。调查结果进一步表明，欧洲经委会是由资历较低、经验不足的教师提供的，他们很少关注学生的生理和心理需求。教室人满为患，缺乏相关的教学材料。此外，单一教师政策和过度拥挤的教室阻碍了学生的动机，素质教育的实施和良好行为的发展。这些挑战也是学生辍学的主要原因。本文增加了人们对欧洲经委会及其在巴基斯坦面临的挑战的理解。对于欧洲经委会的发展，该文件建议将欧洲经委会与小学分开，并为其提供预算以购买足够和相关的资源。
