Abstract：
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the arterial intima thickens and transforms into a sclerotic plaque, interfering with normal blood flow and potentially leading to stroke or death. It is divided into three stages: the pre-stage, which is characterized by diffuse intimal thickenings (DITs) and fatty streaks, the early atherosclerotic stage, which is characterized by pathological intimal thickening (PIT), and the late stage, which is characterized by fibroatheromas transformed from PIT. Each stage of atherosclerosis is distinguished by distinct morphological changes, biological changes, and the expression of immune markers at various levels. This review summarizes discoveries and achievements in microanatomy, ultrastructure, immunohistochemical staining, and molecular biology in the literature on atherosclerosis. Based on our research, we have emphasized common histological changes and pathological mechanisms of atherosclerosis in this review.
摘要：
动脉粥样硬化是动脉内膜增厚并转变为硬化斑块的疾病，干扰正常的血液流动，并可能导致中风或死亡。它分为三个阶段：前期阶段，其特征是弥漫性内膜增厚(DITs)和脂肪条纹，早期动脉粥样硬化阶段，其特征是病理性内膜增厚（PIT），后期，其特征是由PIT转化的纤维粥样瘤。动脉粥样硬化的每个阶段都有不同的形态学变化，生物变化,和免疫标志物在不同水平的表达。这篇综述总结了显微解剖学的发现和成就，超微结构，免疫组织化学染色，和分子生物学在动脉粥样硬化的文献中。根据我们的研究,在这篇综述中，我们强调了动脉粥样硬化的常见组织学改变和病理机制。
