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Abstract：
Background Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is characterized by the presence of glomerular damage on histopathological examination. The major defining symptom of FSGS is proteinuria, which indicates damage to the glomerular filtration barrier. Additionally, FSGS is the most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome. However, in Saudi Arabia, there is a paucity of research on this topic. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the clinical features, laboratory findings, and presence of comorbidities in patients with FSGS to determine their effects on clinical outcomes. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the histopathological and clinical data of patients diagnosed with FSGS via biopsy at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during the period 1989-2020. Biopsy samples were labeled according to the Columbia classification as tip, perihilar, cellular, collapsing, or not otherwise specified (NOS). Results We included 39 children and 21 adults. Males accounted for 54.1% of the sample. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity. Regarding FSGS subtypes, 60.9% of the lesions in the adult patients were collapsing lesions, followed by NOS (26.1%). In pediatric patients, 36.8% of the lesions were NOS, followed by collapsing lesions (28.9%). We also observed a very low rate of remission. In both age groups, the most common clinical presentation was nephrotic syndrome. Conclusion We found a high prevalence of collapsing and NOS FSGS subtypes in both the adult and pediatric age groups. The most prevalent outcome was the persistence of nephrotic syndrome with low rates of remission.
摘要：
背景局灶节段性肾小球硬化（FSGS）的特征是在组织病理学检查中存在肾小球损伤。FSGS的主要定义症状是蛋白尿，这表明肾小球滤过屏障受损。此外,FSGS是原发性肾病综合征的最常见原因。然而,在沙特阿拉伯,关于这个主题的研究很少。因此,这项研究旨在检查临床特征，实验室发现,以及FSGS患者是否存在合并症，以确定其对临床结局的影响。方法回顾性分析在阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王大学医院经活检确诊为FSGS患者的组织病理学及临床资料,吉达,沙特阿拉伯,在1989-2020年期间。活检样本根据哥伦比亚分类标记为tip，门周,细胞，崩溃,或未另外指定(NOS)。结果我们包括39名儿童和21名成人。男性占样本的54.1%。高血压是最常见的合并症。关于FSGS亚型，成年患者中60.9%的病变为塌陷性病变,其次是NOS（26.1%）。在儿科患者中，36.8%的病灶为NOS,其次是塌陷性病变（28.9%）。我们还观察到非常低的缓解率。在这两个年龄组中，最常见的临床表现是肾病综合征.结论我们发现成人和儿童年龄组中塌陷和NOSFSGS亚型的患病率很高。最普遍的结果是肾病综合征的持续缓解率较低。
