Abstract：
This study aimed to clarify the anatomy of middle rectal artery and pelvic vasculature patterns, and to provide schematic information in a manner applicable to the total mesorectal excision. Forty sides of pelvis from 20 formalin-embalmed cadavers (10 male, 10 female) were dissected, and all the pelvic vasculatures from the internal iliac artery were investigated, focusing on the middle rectal artery. Middle rectal arteries were classified into major types depending on their vascular origins. Each type was subdivided into minor types according to variability of the pelvic vasculature. A middle rectal artery was identified in 18 out of 20 cadavers, and in 25 out of 40 pelvic sides. In most cases, the middle rectal artery originated from the internal pudendal artery or inferior gluteal artery. These two arteries arose directly from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery or were bifurcated from the gluteal-pudendal trunk. In rare cases, these arteries arose from the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. The other origins of the middle rectal artery included the gluteal pudendal trunk, inferior vesical artery, internal iliac artery, obturator artery, and the prostatic artery, and the pelvic vasculatures in these cases also presented variability. The detailed anatomical findings related to the middle rectal artery and pelvic vasculatures are noteworthy for their improved clinical applicability.
摘要：
本研究旨在阐明直肠中动脉和盆腔血管的解剖结构。并以适用于全直肠系膜切除术的方式提供示意图信息。来自20具福尔马林防腐尸体的骨盆40面（10名男性，10名女性）被解剖，所有来自髂内动脉的骨盆血管都被调查了，集中在直肠中动脉上.直肠中动脉根据其血管来源分为主要类型。根据骨盆脉管系统的变异性，将每种类型细分为次要类型。在20具尸体中的18具发现了直肠中动脉，在40个骨盆侧中有25个。在大多数情况下,直肠中动脉起源于阴部内动脉或臀下动脉。这两个动脉直接来自the内动脉的前干或从臀部-阴部干分叉。在极少数情况下,这些动脉来自髂内动脉的后干。直肠中动脉的其他起源包括臀部阴部干，膀胱下动脉,髂内动脉,闭孔动脉,还有前列腺动脉,在这些病例中，骨盆血管也呈现变异性。与直肠中动脉和盆腔血管相关的详细解剖学发现因其改善的临床适用性而值得注意。
