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Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong condition. Autistic symptoms can persist into adulthood. Studies have reported that autistic symptoms generally improved in adulthood, especially restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBIs). We explored brain networks that are related to differences in RRBIs in individuals with ASDs among different ages.
UNASSIGNED: We enrolled 147 ASD patients from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II (ABIDEII) database. The participants were divided into four age groups: children (6-9 years old), younger adolescents (10-14 years old), older adolescents (15-19 years old), and adults (≥20 years old). RRBIs were evaluated using the Repetitive Behaviors Scale-Revised 6. We first explored differences in RRBIs between age groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Associations between improvements in RRBIs and age were analyzed using a general linear model. We then analyzed RRBIs associated functional connectivity (FC) links using the network-based statistic method by adjusting covariates. The association of the identified FC with age group, and mediation function of the FC on the association of age-group and RRBI were further analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: Most subtypes of RRBIs improved with age, especially stereotyped behaviors, ritualistic behaviors, and restricted behaviors (p = 0.012, 0.014, and 0.012, respectively). Results showed that 12 FC links were closely related to overall RRBIs, 17 FC links were related to stereotyped behaviors. Among the identified 29 FC links, 15 were negatively related to age-groups. The mostly reported core brain regions included superior occipital gyrus, insula, rolandic operculum, angular, caudate, and cingulum. The decrease in FC between the left superior occipital lobe and right angular (effect = -0.125 and -0.693, respectively) and between the left insula and left caudate (effect = -0.116 and -0.664, respectively) might contribute to improvements in multiple RRBIs with age.
UNASSIGNED: We identified improvements in RRBIs with age in ASD patients, especially stereotyped behaviors, ritualistic behaviors, and restricted behaviors. The decrease in FC between left superior occipital lobe and right angular and between left insula and left caudate might contribute to these improvements. Our findings improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of RRBIs and suggest potential intervention targets to improve prognosis in adulthood.
UNASSIGNED: We enrolled 147 ASD patients from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II (ABIDEII) database. The participants were divided into four age groups: children (6-9 years old), younger adolescents (10-14 years old), older adolescents (15-19 years old), and adults (≥20 years old). RRBIs were evaluated using the Repetitive Behaviors Scale-Revised 6. We first explored differences in RRBIs between age groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Associations between improvements in RRBIs and age were analyzed using a general linear model. We then analyzed RRBIs associated functional connectivity (FC) links using the network-based statistic method by adjusting covariates. The association of the identified FC with age group, and mediation function of the FC on the association of age-group and RRBI were further analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: Most subtypes of RRBIs improved with age, especially stereotyped behaviors, ritualistic behaviors, and restricted behaviors (p = 0.012, 0.014, and 0.012, respectively). Results showed that 12 FC links were closely related to overall RRBIs, 17 FC links were related to stereotyped behaviors. Among the identified 29 FC links, 15 were negatively related to age-groups. The mostly reported core brain regions included superior occipital gyrus, insula, rolandic operculum, angular, caudate, and cingulum. The decrease in FC between the left superior occipital lobe and right angular (effect = -0.125 and -0.693, respectively) and between the left insula and left caudate (effect = -0.116 and -0.664, respectively) might contribute to improvements in multiple RRBIs with age.
UNASSIGNED: We identified improvements in RRBIs with age in ASD patients, especially stereotyped behaviors, ritualistic behaviors, and restricted behaviors. The decrease in FC between left superior occipital lobe and right angular and between left insula and left caudate might contribute to these improvements. Our findings improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of RRBIs and suggest potential intervention targets to improve prognosis in adulthood.
摘要：
未经评估：自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种终身疾病。自闭症症状可以持续到成年期。研究报告称，自闭症症状在成年期普遍得到改善，特别是受限制和重复的行为和兴趣(RBIs)。我们探索了与不同年龄ASD患者RRBI差异相关的大脑网络。
UNASSIGNED：我们从自闭症脑成像数据交换II（ABIDEII）数据库中招募了147名ASD患者。参与者分为四个年龄组：儿童（6-9岁），青少年（10-14岁），年龄较大的青少年（15-19岁），成人（≥20岁）。使用重复行为量表-修订的6评估RRBI。我们首先使用Kruskal-Wallis检验探讨了年龄组之间RRBI的差异。使用一般线性模型分析了RRBI的改善与年龄之间的关联。然后，我们通过调整协变量，使用基于网络的统计方法分析了RBIs相关的功能连通性（FC）链接。确定的FC与年龄组的关联，进一步分析了FC在年龄组和RRBI之间的中介作用。
未经评估：大多数RBIs亚型随年龄增长而改善，尤其是刻板的行为，仪式行为，和受限行为(分别为p=0.012、0.014和0.012)。结果表明，12个FC链接与整体RBIs密切相关，17个FC链接与刻板行为有关。在确定的29条FC链路中，15岁与年龄组呈负相关。主要报道的核心大脑区域包括枕上回，脑岛,rolandicopulculum,角度,尾状,和扣带。左枕上叶和右角之间的FC减少（分别为-0.125和-0.693）以及左岛和左尾状之间的FC减少（分别为-0.116和-0.664）可能有助于改善多个RRBI随着年龄的增长。
未经ASSIGNED：我们发现ASD患者RRBI随年龄的改善，尤其是刻板的行为，仪式行为，限制行为。左上枕叶和右角之间以及左岛和左尾状之间的FC减少可能有助于这些改善。我们的发现提高了我们对RRBI发病机制的理解，并提出了改善成年期预后的潜在干预目标。
UNASSIGNED：我们从自闭症脑成像数据交换II（ABIDEII）数据库中招募了147名ASD患者。参与者分为四个年龄组：儿童（6-9岁），青少年（10-14岁），年龄较大的青少年（15-19岁），成人（≥20岁）。使用重复行为量表-修订的6评估RRBI。我们首先使用Kruskal-Wallis检验探讨了年龄组之间RRBI的差异。使用一般线性模型分析了RRBI的改善与年龄之间的关联。然后，我们通过调整协变量，使用基于网络的统计方法分析了RBIs相关的功能连通性（FC）链接。确定的FC与年龄组的关联，进一步分析了FC在年龄组和RRBI之间的中介作用。
未经评估：大多数RBIs亚型随年龄增长而改善，尤其是刻板的行为，仪式行为，和受限行为(分别为p=0.012、0.014和0.012)。结果表明，12个FC链接与整体RBIs密切相关，17个FC链接与刻板行为有关。在确定的29条FC链路中，15岁与年龄组呈负相关。主要报道的核心大脑区域包括枕上回，脑岛,rolandicopulculum,角度,尾状,和扣带。左枕上叶和右角之间的FC减少（分别为-0.125和-0.693）以及左岛和左尾状之间的FC减少（分别为-0.116和-0.664）可能有助于改善多个RRBI随着年龄的增长。
未经ASSIGNED：我们发现ASD患者RRBI随年龄的改善，尤其是刻板的行为，仪式行为，限制行为。左上枕叶和右角之间以及左岛和左尾状之间的FC减少可能有助于这些改善。我们的发现提高了我们对RRBI发病机制的理解，并提出了改善成年期预后的潜在干预目标。
