PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Teosinte, wild maize relatives originating from Mexico and Central America, emerged as a noxious agricultural weed in France and Spain. In 2016, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) issued a technical report that assessed the available scientific information on teosinte for its relevance for the environmental risk assessment (ERA) and risk management (RM) of genetically modified (GM) maize MON810, Bt11, 1507 and GA21 for cultivation. It was concluded that the impact of insect resistance and/or herbicide tolerance in GM teosinte hybrid progeny (potentially acquired through hybridisation between GM maize and teosinte) on target and non-target organisms, the abiotic environment and biogeochemical cycles would be very low under EU conditions. Following a request of the European Commission, EFSA evaluated whether the ERA conclusions and RM recommendations of EFSA (2016) remain applicable, or require revision in light of new scientific evidence on teosinte that has become available since the publication of EFSA (2016). A protocol was developed to clarify the interpretation of the terms of reference of the mandate and make them operational. The assessment relied on evidence retrieved via an extensive literature search and from reports of the Competent Authorities of France and Spain, and on hearing expert testimonies. A limited collection of 18 publications of varying relevance and quality was retrieved and assessed. Based on this evidence, it is concluded that the ERA conclusions and RM recommendations of EFSA (2016) remain applicable, except those pertaining to the use of glyphosate-based herbicides on maize GA21 which should be considered under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. In infested agricultural areas (especially in regions where maize MON810 is widely grown), weed management measures implemented to monitor, control and/or eradicate teosinte must remain in place, as they will contribute to further reduce the low vertical gene flow potential between GM maize and EU teosinte.
摘要：
Teosinte,来自墨西哥和中美洲的野生玉米近缘种，在法国和西班牙成为一种有害的农业杂草。2016年，欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）发布了一份技术报告，评估了有关teosinte的可用科学信息，以评估其与转基因（GM）玉米MON810，Bt11，1507和GA21种植的环境风险评估（ERA）和风险管理（RM）的相关性。结论是，转基因玉米杂种后代（可能通过转基因玉米和玉米之间的杂交获得）的抗虫性和/或除草剂耐受性对目标和非目标生物的影响，在欧盟条件下，非生物环境和生物地球化学循环将非常低。根据欧盟委员会的要求，EFSA评估了EFSA(2016)的ERA结论和RM建议是否仍然适用，或需要根据自EFSA（2016）发布以来已获得的有关teosinte的新科学证据进行修订。制定了一项议定书，以澄清对任务授权职权范围的解释并使其运作。评估依赖于通过广泛的文献检索和法国和西班牙主管当局的报告检索的证据，以及听取专家证词.检索并评估了有限的18种相关性和质量各不相同的出版物。根据这些证据,得出的结论是，EFSA(2016)的ERA结论和RM建议仍然适用，除了与在玉米GA21上使用草甘膦除草剂有关的那些，这些除草剂应根据法规（EC）No1107/2009考虑。在受感染的农业地区（尤其是玉米MON810广泛种植的地区），杂草管理措施实施监测，控制和/或根除teosinte必须留在原地，因为它们将有助于进一步降低转基因玉米和欧盟teosinte之间的低垂直基因流动潜力。
