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Abstract：
Background Glomerulonephritis is among the most common and serious non-communicable diseases in the world, and some of them are major causes of chronic kidney disease, which eventually leads to kidney failure. In developing countries, it is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Chronic kidney disease affects 10-16% of the adult population in Asia, including 21.2% in Pakistan. This study aims to determine the frequency and spectrum of glomerulonephritis at our center. Methodology This is a cross-sectional analysis of 81 renal core biopsies obtained between August 2020 and August 2021. The histopathological reports, demographic data, and relevant laboratory investigations, such as blood urea and creatinine levels, were collected. All cases were blindly reviewed by two pathologists with a special interest in medical renal pathology. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results The majority of the patients (46.9%) were between the ages of 21 and 40 years. There was a slight male predominance, with 44 (54.3%) of the 81 participants being male. Hematuria was reported in 20 (24.7%) patients, with mean serum urea and creatinine levels of 75 mg/dL and 2.6 mg/dL, respectively. Nephrotic syndrome was the most common indication for a renal biopsy, accounting for 54 (67.7%) of the 81 cases. Chronic glomerulonephritis is classified into two categories, namely, primary and secondary glomerulonephritis. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), the leading cause of primary glomerulonephritis, was found in 25 (30.9%) 81 patients. Furthermore, lupus nephritis (9.9%) and advanced glomerulonephritis (9.9%) were found in equal proportions among secondary glomerulonephritis. Conclusions According to our study, nephrotic syndrome was the most common indication for medical renal biopsy, with FSGS being the most common primary glomerulonephritis. Lupus nephritis and advanced glomerulonephritis were the most common secondary glomerulonephritis diagnoses.
摘要：
背景：肾小球肾炎是世界上最常见和最严重的非传染性疾病之一。其中一些是慢性肾病的主要原因，最终导致肾衰竭.在发展中国家,它是终末期肾病（ESRD）的最常见原因。慢性肾脏病影响亚洲10-16%的成年人,包括巴基斯坦的21.2%。本研究旨在确定我们中心肾小球肾炎的频率和频谱。方法学这是对2020年8月至2021年8月期间获得的81例肾核心活检的横断面分析。组织病理学报告,人口统计数据，和相关的实验室调查，如血尿素和肌酐水平，被收集。所有病例均由两名对医学肾脏病理学特别感兴趣的病理学家盲目审查。使用SPSS版本22(IBMCorp.,Armonk,NY,美国）。结果大多数患者（46.9％）年龄在21至40岁之间。有轻微的男性优势，81名参与者中有44名（54.3%）为男性。20例（24.7%）患者出现血尿，平均血清尿素和肌酐水平为75mg/dL和2.6mg/dL，分别。肾病综合征是肾活检最常见的指征，占81例病例的54例(67.7%)。慢性肾小球肾炎分为两类，即,原发性和继发性肾小球肾炎。局灶节段肾小球硬化（FSGS），原发性肾小球肾炎的主要原因,在25例（30.9%）81例患者中发现。此外，在继发性肾小球肾炎中，狼疮性肾炎（9.9％）和晚期肾小球肾炎（9.9％）的比例相等。结论根据我们的研究,肾病综合征是医学肾活检最常见的适应症，FSGS是最常见的原发性肾小球肾炎。狼疮肾炎和晚期肾小球肾炎是最常见的继发性肾小球肾炎诊断。
