Abstract：
Theories of human learning converge on the view that individuals working together learn better than do those working independently. Little is known, however, about the neural mechanisms of learning through cooperation. We addressed this research gap by leveraging functional near-infrared spectroscopy to record the brain activity of triad members in a group simultaneously. Triads were instructed to analyze an ancient Chinese poem either cooperatively or independently. Four main findings emerged. First, we observed significant within-group neural synchronization (GNS) in the left superior temporal cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and postcentral gyrus during cooperative learning compared with independent learning. Second, the enhancement of GNS in triads was amplified when a consensus was reached (vs. elaboration or argument) during cooperative learning. Third, GNS was predictive of learning outcome at an early stage (156-170 s after learning was initiated). Fourth, social factors such as social closeness (e.g. how much learners liked one other) were reflected in GNS and co-varied with learning engagement. These results provide neuroscientific support for Piaget\'s theory of cognitive development and favor the notion that successful learning through cooperation involves dynamic consensus-building, which is captured in neural patterns shared across learners in a group.
摘要：
人类学习理论融合了这样一种观点，即一起工作的人比独立工作的人学习得更好。鲜为人知，然而,关于通过合作学习的神经机制。我们通过利用功能性近红外光谱同时记录一组中三合会成员的大脑活动来解决这一研究空白。三合会被指示合作或独立分析一首中国古代诗歌。出现了四个主要发现。首先,我们在左颞叶上皮层观察到显著的组内神经同步(GNS),颈上回，与自主学习相比，合作学习和中央后回。第二,当达成共识时，三合会中GNS的增强被放大(与阐述或论证)在合作学习过程中。第三，GNS可以在早期阶段（学习开始后156-170s）预测学习结果。第四，社会因素，如社会亲密关系（例如，有多少学习者喜欢彼此）反映在GNS中，并与学习参与度共同变化。这些结果为皮亚杰的认知发展理论提供了神经科学支持，并支持通过合作进行成功学习涉及动态共识建立的概念。在一组学习者之间共享的神经模式中捕获。
