Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Traditional fishing communities are strongholds of ethnobiological knowledge but establishing to what degree they harbor cultural consensus about different aspects of this knowledge has been a challenge in many ethnobiological studies.
METHODS: We conducted an ethnobiological study in an artisanal fishing community in northeast Brazil, where we interviewed 91 community members (49 men and 42 women) with different type of activities (fishers and non-fishers), in order to obtain free lists and salience indices of the fish they know. To establish whether there is cultural consensus in their traditional knowledge on fish, we engaged a smaller subset of 45 participants in triad tasks where they chose the most different fish out of 30 triads. We used the similarity matrices generated from the task results to detect if there is cultural consensus in the way fish were classified by them.
RESULTS: The findings show how large is the community\'s knowledge of fish, with 197 ethnospecies registered, of which 33 species were detected as salient or important to the community. In general, men cited more fish than women. We also found that there was no cultural consensus in the ways fish were classified.
CONCLUSIONS: Both free-listing and triad task methods revealed little cultural consensus in the way knowledge is structured and how fish were classified by community members. Our results suggest that it is prudent not to make assumptions that a given local community has a single cultural consensus model in classifying the organisms in their environment.
METHODS: We conducted an ethnobiological study in an artisanal fishing community in northeast Brazil, where we interviewed 91 community members (49 men and 42 women) with different type of activities (fishers and non-fishers), in order to obtain free lists and salience indices of the fish they know. To establish whether there is cultural consensus in their traditional knowledge on fish, we engaged a smaller subset of 45 participants in triad tasks where they chose the most different fish out of 30 triads. We used the similarity matrices generated from the task results to detect if there is cultural consensus in the way fish were classified by them.
RESULTS: The findings show how large is the community\'s knowledge of fish, with 197 ethnospecies registered, of which 33 species were detected as salient or important to the community. In general, men cited more fish than women. We also found that there was no cultural consensus in the ways fish were classified.
CONCLUSIONS: Both free-listing and triad task methods revealed little cultural consensus in the way knowledge is structured and how fish were classified by community members. Our results suggest that it is prudent not to make assumptions that a given local community has a single cultural consensus model in classifying the organisms in their environment.
摘要：
背景：传统的捕鱼社区是民族生物学知识的据点，但在许多民族生物学研究中，要建立他们对这些知识的不同方面的文化共识的程度一直是一个挑战。
方法：我们在巴西东北部的一个个体捕鱼社区进行了种族生物学研究，我们采访了91名社区成员(49名男性和42名女性)，他们从事不同类型的活动(渔民和非渔民)，为了获得他们知道的鱼的免费列表和显着性指数。确定他们对鱼类的传统知识是否有文化共识，我们让45名参与者中的一小部分参与三合会任务，他们从30名三合会中选择了最不同的鱼。我们使用从任务结果中生成的相似性矩阵来检测对鱼类进行分类的方式是否存在文化共识。
结果：研究结果表明，社区对鱼类的了解有多大，注册了197种民族物种，其中33种被检测为对群落显著或重要。总的来说,男人引用的鱼比女人多。我们还发现，在鱼类的分类方式上没有文化共识。
结论：自由上市和三合会任务方法在知识的结构方式以及社区成员如何对鱼类进行分类方面几乎没有文化共识。我们的结果表明，谨慎的做法是不要假设给定的当地社区在对其环境中的生物进行分类时具有单一的文化共识模型。
方法：我们在巴西东北部的一个个体捕鱼社区进行了种族生物学研究，我们采访了91名社区成员(49名男性和42名女性)，他们从事不同类型的活动(渔民和非渔民)，为了获得他们知道的鱼的免费列表和显着性指数。确定他们对鱼类的传统知识是否有文化共识，我们让45名参与者中的一小部分参与三合会任务，他们从30名三合会中选择了最不同的鱼。我们使用从任务结果中生成的相似性矩阵来检测对鱼类进行分类的方式是否存在文化共识。
结果：研究结果表明，社区对鱼类的了解有多大，注册了197种民族物种，其中33种被检测为对群落显著或重要。总的来说,男人引用的鱼比女人多。我们还发现，在鱼类的分类方式上没有文化共识。
结论：自由上市和三合会任务方法在知识的结构方式以及社区成员如何对鱼类进行分类方面几乎没有文化共识。我们的结果表明，谨慎的做法是不要假设给定的当地社区在对其环境中的生物进行分类时具有单一的文化共识模型。
