PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Vaccines are considered as a therapeutic area for children; the scientific community focuses mainly on managing chronic disease when it comes to adults. There currently is an increase in the burden of vaccine preventable illnesses in adults. Adult vaccination has been shown to dramatically increase the health and quality of life of older populations. Therefore, adult vaccinations need to be approached as a public health issue, similar to smoking cessation programs, for example. According to the Kenya Non-Communicable Diseases and injuries poverty commission report, 2018. Kenya has a high percentage of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) from communicable diseases at 63%, while non-communicable diseases (NCDs) contribute 30% of the DALYs. Specific to pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) in adults, the Global burden of disease (GBD) study in 2016 found that 2,377,697 people of all ages died from lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in 2016. Of these, more people died from Streptococcus pneumonia(SP) than from all other studied respiratory pathogens combined. While the incidence of LRTIs in children under five years old was reducing, partly as a result of well-established vaccination programs in children, the incidence, morbidity and mortality of PP was increasing in older populations. The expert recommendations included the following; i) all individuals 65 years of age and above, and individuals with a predisposing comorbidity regardless of age, should receive the pneumococcal vaccine; ii) several systemic modules can be emulated from the successful childhood vaccines programs onto an adult vaccine program; iii) formulation of an effective vaccine program will require collaboration from the public, the government, healthcare providers, and the media, to create awareness; iv) stakeholders who need to be involved in vaccine policy development and implementation include medical professional associations, nurses, pharmacists, clinical officers, payers (private and public insurances), government, medical learning institutions and faith-based medical organizations.
摘要：
疫苗被认为是儿童的治疗领域；科学界主要关注成人慢性病的管理。目前，成人疫苗可预防疾病的负担有所增加。成人疫苗接种已被证明可以显着提高老年人群的健康和生活质量。因此,成人疫苗接种需要作为一个公共卫生问题，类似于戒烟计划，例如。根据肯尼亚非传染性疾病和伤害贫困委员会的报告，2018.肯尼亚的传染病残疾调整生命年（DALYs）比例很高，为63％，而非传染性疾病（NCDs）占DALY的30％。特定于成人肺炎球菌肺炎（PP），2016年的全球疾病负担（GBD）研究发现，2016年所有年龄段的2,377,697人死于下呼吸道感染（LRTI）。其中,更多的人死于链球菌肺炎（SP）比所有其他研究的呼吸道病原体的组合。虽然五岁以下儿童的LRTIs发病率正在下降，部分是由于完善的儿童疫苗接种计划，发病率，PP的发病率和死亡率在老年人群中呈上升趋势.专家建议包括以下内容；i)所有65岁及以上的人，无论年龄大小，都有易感共病的个体，应该接受肺炎球菌疫苗；ii）可以从成功的儿童疫苗计划到成人疫苗计划的几个系统模块；iii）制定有效的疫苗计划将需要公众的合作，政府,医疗保健提供者，和媒体,提高认识；iv)需要参与疫苗政策制定和实施的利益相关者包括医学专业协会，护士,药剂师,临床人员,付款人(私人和公共保险)，政府,医学学习机构和基于信仰的医疗机构。
