Abstract：
Welfare policy focuses on vulnerable populations, such as children with difficult family backgrounds. Education is a crucial way to reduce poverty. This study explored the relationship between children\'s diet structure and academic achievement and compared these across different family backgrounds.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to survey the health status of children from difficult families based on a random sampling method in 2018. Survey data were collected from children and their guardians with a questionnaire. A multi-sample latent class model and an ordinal logistic model were applied for data analysis.
This study was conducted in 31 provinces nationwide. Two provinces in the Central (Shandong and Jiangxi), Eastern (Hebei and Henan) and Western (Chongqing and Shanxi) regions and one province in the Northeast (Liaoning) were selected considering different stratum of economic development.
A total of 2099 children with difficult family backgrounds and 666 children from ordinary families were surveyed.
The dietary structure of children from ordinary families was significantly better than that of children with difficult or unstable family backgrounds ([Formula: see text] =9.178, p<0.01). Children from difficult families had an intake of dairy products and fruits below dietary standards. The difference in academic achievement between children in the balanced and deprived groups was statistically significant (OR=0.640, 95% CI 0.429 to 0.955). Other determinants of the academic achievement of children in difficult families were parents\' education level (OR=1.331, 95% CI 1.162 to 1.525), family economic status (OR=0.835, 95% CI 0.748 to 0.932) and parents\' academic concern (OR=0.373, 95% CI 0.252 to 0.553).
To address the differences between children from difficult families and ordinary families, policymakers should develop support policies for difficult children, guide the formation of a reasonable dietary structure. Besides, enhancing family closeness and fostering family nurturing behaviours are the keys to promote the good academic development of children from difficult families.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to survey the health status of children from difficult families based on a random sampling method in 2018. Survey data were collected from children and their guardians with a questionnaire. A multi-sample latent class model and an ordinal logistic model were applied for data analysis.
This study was conducted in 31 provinces nationwide. Two provinces in the Central (Shandong and Jiangxi), Eastern (Hebei and Henan) and Western (Chongqing and Shanxi) regions and one province in the Northeast (Liaoning) were selected considering different stratum of economic development.
A total of 2099 children with difficult family backgrounds and 666 children from ordinary families were surveyed.
The dietary structure of children from ordinary families was significantly better than that of children with difficult or unstable family backgrounds ([Formula: see text] =9.178, p<0.01). Children from difficult families had an intake of dairy products and fruits below dietary standards. The difference in academic achievement between children in the balanced and deprived groups was statistically significant (OR=0.640, 95% CI 0.429 to 0.955). Other determinants of the academic achievement of children in difficult families were parents\' education level (OR=1.331, 95% CI 1.162 to 1.525), family economic status (OR=0.835, 95% CI 0.748 to 0.932) and parents\' academic concern (OR=0.373, 95% CI 0.252 to 0.553).
To address the differences between children from difficult families and ordinary families, policymakers should develop support policies for difficult children, guide the formation of a reasonable dietary structure. Besides, enhancing family closeness and fostering family nurturing behaviours are the keys to promote the good academic development of children from difficult families.
摘要：
福利政策侧重于弱势群体，例如家庭背景困难的孩子。教育是减少贫困的重要途径。这项研究探讨了儿童的饮食结构与学业成绩之间的关系，并在不同的家庭背景下进行了比较。
在2018年进行了一项横断面研究，以根据随机抽样方法调查来自困难家庭的儿童的健康状况。调查数据是通过问卷调查从儿童及其监护人那里收集的。应用多样本潜在类模型和有序逻辑模型进行数据分析。
这项研究在全国31个省进行。中部两省(山东和江西),考虑到不同的经济发展阶层，选择了东部（河北和河南）和西部（重庆和山西）地区以及东北一个省（辽宁）。
共调查了2099名家庭背景困难的儿童和666名普通家庭儿童。
普通家庭儿童的饮食结构明显优于家庭背景困难或不稳定的儿童（[公式：见正文]=9.178，p<0.01）。来自困难家庭的儿童的乳制品和水果摄入量低于饮食标准。平衡组和剥夺组儿童的学业成绩差异有统计学意义（OR=0.640，95％CI0.429至0.955）。困难家庭中儿童学业成绩的其他决定因素是父母的教育水平（OR=1.331，95％CI1.162至1.525），家庭经济状况（OR=0.835，95%CI0.748至0.932）和父母的学业关注（OR=0.373，95%CI0.252至0.553）。
为了解决困难家庭和普通家庭的孩子之间的差异，政策制定者应该为困难儿童制定支持政策，引导形成合理的膳食结构。此外,增强家庭亲密关系和培养家庭养育行为是促进困难家庭儿童良好学业发展的关键。
在2018年进行了一项横断面研究，以根据随机抽样方法调查来自困难家庭的儿童的健康状况。调查数据是通过问卷调查从儿童及其监护人那里收集的。应用多样本潜在类模型和有序逻辑模型进行数据分析。
这项研究在全国31个省进行。中部两省(山东和江西),考虑到不同的经济发展阶层，选择了东部（河北和河南）和西部（重庆和山西）地区以及东北一个省（辽宁）。
共调查了2099名家庭背景困难的儿童和666名普通家庭儿童。
普通家庭儿童的饮食结构明显优于家庭背景困难或不稳定的儿童（[公式：见正文]=9.178，p<0.01）。来自困难家庭的儿童的乳制品和水果摄入量低于饮食标准。平衡组和剥夺组儿童的学业成绩差异有统计学意义（OR=0.640，95％CI0.429至0.955）。困难家庭中儿童学业成绩的其他决定因素是父母的教育水平（OR=1.331，95％CI1.162至1.525），家庭经济状况（OR=0.835，95%CI0.748至0.932）和父母的学业关注（OR=0.373，95%CI0.252至0.553）。
为了解决困难家庭和普通家庭的孩子之间的差异，政策制定者应该为困难儿童制定支持政策，引导形成合理的膳食结构。此外,增强家庭亲密关系和培养家庭养育行为是促进困难家庭儿童良好学业发展的关键。
