PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Viroids are single-stranded circular noncoding RNAs that infect plants. Research in the past five decades has deciphered the viroid genome structures, viroid replication cycles, numerous host factors for viroid infection, viroid motifs for intracellular and intercellular trafficking, interactions with host defense machinery, etc. In this review, we mainly focus on some significant questions that remain to be tackled, centered around (1) how the RNA polymerase II machinery performs transcription on RNA templates of nuclear-replicating viroids, (2) how viroid RNAs coordinate multiple structural elements for diverse functions, and (3) how viroid RNAs activate plant immunity. Research on viroids has led to seminal discoveries in biology, and we expect the research directions outlined in this review to continue providing key knowledge inspiring other areas of biology.
摘要：
类病毒是感染植物的单链环状非编码RNA。过去五十年的研究已经破译了类病毒基因组结构，类病毒复制周期，许多宿主因素导致类病毒感染，细胞内和细胞间运输的类病毒基序，与主机防御机器的互动，等。在这次审查中,我们主要关注一些有待解决的重要问题，集中在（1）RNA聚合酶II机制如何在核复制类病毒的RNA模板上进行转录，(2)类病毒RNA如何协调多个结构元素以实现不同的功能，和（3）类病毒RNA如何激活植物免疫。对类病毒的研究导致了生物学的开创性发现，我们期望这篇综述中概述的研究方向将继续提供启发生物学其他领域的关键知识。
