Abstract：
Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague and a potential biological weapon, has always been a threatening pathogen. Some strains of Y. pestis have varying degrees of antibiotic resistance. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to alert clinicians to this pathogen\'s potential antimicrobial resistance. A review of the literature was conducted for experimental reports and systematic reviews on the topics of plague, Y. pestis, and antibiotic resistance. From 1995 to 2021, 7 Y. pestis isolates with 4 antibiotic resistance mechanisms were reported. In Y. pestis 17/95, 16/95, and 2180H, resistance was mediated by transferable plasmids. Each plasmid contained resistance genes encoded within specific transposons. Strain 17/95 presented multiple drug resistance, since plasmid 1202 contained 10 resistance determinants. Strains 16/95 and 2180H showed single antibiotic resistance because both additional plasmids in these strains carried only 1 antimicrobial determinant. Strains 12/87, S19960127, 56/13, and 59/13 exhibited streptomycin resistance due to an rpsl gene mutation, a novel mechanism that was discovered recently. Y. pestis can acquire antibiotic resistance in nature not only via conjugative transfer of antimicrobial-resistant plasmids from other bacteria, but also by gene point mutations. Global surveillance should be strengthened to identify antibiotic-resistant Y. pestis strains by whole-genome sequencing and drug susceptibility testing.
摘要：
鼠疫耶尔森氏菌,鼠疫的原因和潜在的生物武器，一直是一种具有威胁性的病原体.鼠疫耶尔森氏菌的一些菌株具有不同程度的抗生素抗性。因此，本系统综述旨在提醒临床医生注意该病原体的潜在抗菌素耐药性.对有关鼠疫主题的实验报告和系统综述进行了文献综述,鼠疫杆菌,抗生素耐药性。从1995年到2021年，报告了7株具有4种抗生素耐药机制的鼠疫杆菌分离株。在鼠疫杆菌17/95、16/95和2180H中，抗性是由可转移的质粒介导的。每个质粒含有在特定转座子内编码的抗性基因。菌株17/95呈现多重耐药性，因为质粒1202含有10个抗性决定子。菌株16/95和2180H显示出单一抗生素抗性,因为这些菌株中的两个额外质粒仅携带1个抗微生物决定簇。菌株12/87，S19960127，56/13和59/13由于rpsl基因突变而表现出链霉素抗性，最近发现的一种新机制。鼠疫耶尔森氏菌不仅可以通过其他细菌的抗菌素抗性质粒的接合转移而在自然界中获得抗生素抗性，还有基因点突变。应加强全球监测，以通过全基因组测序和药物敏感性测试来鉴定耐抗生素鼠疫耶尔森氏菌菌株。
