Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Childhood overweight and obesity have increasingly been recognized as a significant global public health crisis, including in Asia. This study aimed to assess the obesogenic environment in primary schools in Jakarta, Indonesia.
METHODS: A qualitative, multi-site, case study design was used to capture different elements of the school environment and policies related to obesity, with a focus on nutrition and physical activity. An adaptation of the Primary School Environmental Assessment tool was used. Six primary schools in Jakarta were purposively selected based on their location, socioeconomic status, and type (public or private). In addition to direct observation at each school, interviews were conducted with the principal, physical education teacher, canteen staff, street food vendors, and students.
RESULTS: Among the six schools, two were private and four were public. The most popular foods consumed by students were unhealthy, such as deep-fried foods and sugar-sweetened beverages. Students had easy and constant access to unhealthy foods, whereas only limited variation of healthy foods were available in the school canteen. Some schools also allowed the student to have access to street food vendors. School policies related to healthy eating and physical activities had been implemented, mainly in the form of teaching these topics as part of the school curriculum. However, promotion of healthy eating and physical activities by the schools was still limited.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the usefulness of the Primary School Environmental Assessment tool in identifying obesogenic factors in urban area of Indonesia. Effective implementation of guidelines to foster good nutritional practices and healthy lifestyles at school should be prioritized to improve the health and nutritional status of the students.
METHODS: A qualitative, multi-site, case study design was used to capture different elements of the school environment and policies related to obesity, with a focus on nutrition and physical activity. An adaptation of the Primary School Environmental Assessment tool was used. Six primary schools in Jakarta were purposively selected based on their location, socioeconomic status, and type (public or private). In addition to direct observation at each school, interviews were conducted with the principal, physical education teacher, canteen staff, street food vendors, and students.
RESULTS: Among the six schools, two were private and four were public. The most popular foods consumed by students were unhealthy, such as deep-fried foods and sugar-sweetened beverages. Students had easy and constant access to unhealthy foods, whereas only limited variation of healthy foods were available in the school canteen. Some schools also allowed the student to have access to street food vendors. School policies related to healthy eating and physical activities had been implemented, mainly in the form of teaching these topics as part of the school curriculum. However, promotion of healthy eating and physical activities by the schools was still limited.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the usefulness of the Primary School Environmental Assessment tool in identifying obesogenic factors in urban area of Indonesia. Effective implementation of guidelines to foster good nutritional practices and healthy lifestyles at school should be prioritized to improve the health and nutritional status of the students.
摘要：
背景：儿童超重和肥胖越来越被认为是一个重大的全球公共卫生危机。包括在亚洲。本研究旨在评估雅加达小学的肥胖环境，印度尼西亚。
方法：定性，多站点,案例研究设计用于捕获与肥胖相关的学校环境和政策的不同元素，专注于营养和身体活动。使用了对小学环境评估工具的改编。雅加达的六所小学是根据他们的位置有目的地选择的，社会经济地位,和类型（公共或私有）。除了直接观察每个学校，采访了校长，体育老师,食堂工作人员,街头食品摊贩,和学生。
结果：在六所学校中，两个是私人的，四个是公共的。学生食用的最受欢迎的食物是不健康的，如油炸食品和含糖饮料。学生们很容易和不断地获得不健康的食物，而学校食堂里只有有限的健康食品。一些学校还允许学生接触街头食品摊贩。有关健康饮食和体育活动的学校政策已经实施，主要以教学形式将这些主题作为学校课程的一部分。然而,学校对健康饮食和体育活动的推广仍然有限。
结论：这项研究表明，小学环境评估工具在识别印度尼西亚城市地区的肥胖因素方面很有用。应优先考虑在学校有效实施促进良好营养习惯和健康生活方式的准则，以改善学生的健康和营养状况。
方法：定性，多站点,案例研究设计用于捕获与肥胖相关的学校环境和政策的不同元素，专注于营养和身体活动。使用了对小学环境评估工具的改编。雅加达的六所小学是根据他们的位置有目的地选择的，社会经济地位,和类型（公共或私有）。除了直接观察每个学校，采访了校长，体育老师,食堂工作人员,街头食品摊贩,和学生。
结果：在六所学校中，两个是私人的，四个是公共的。学生食用的最受欢迎的食物是不健康的，如油炸食品和含糖饮料。学生们很容易和不断地获得不健康的食物，而学校食堂里只有有限的健康食品。一些学校还允许学生接触街头食品摊贩。有关健康饮食和体育活动的学校政策已经实施，主要以教学形式将这些主题作为学校课程的一部分。然而,学校对健康饮食和体育活动的推广仍然有限。
结论：这项研究表明，小学环境评估工具在识别印度尼西亚城市地区的肥胖因素方面很有用。应优先考虑在学校有效实施促进良好营养习惯和健康生活方式的准则，以改善学生的健康和营养状况。
