Abstract：
The clostridial diseases of horses can be divided into three major groups: enteric/enterotoxic, histotoxic, and neurotoxic. The main enteric/enterotoxic diseases include those produced by Clostridium perfringens type C and Clostridioides difficile, both of which are characterized by enterocolitis. The main histotoxic diseases are gas gangrene, Tyzzer disease, and infectious necrotic hepatitis. Gas gangrene is produced by one or more of the following microorganisms: C. perfringens type A, Clostridium septicum, Paeniclostridium sordellii, and Clostridium novyi type A, and it is characterized by necrotizing cellulitis and/or myositis. Tyzzer disease is produced by Clostridium piliforme and is mainly characterized by multifocal necrotizing hepatitis. Infectious necrotic hepatitis is produced by Clostridium novyi type B and is characterized by focal necrotizing hepatitis. The main neurotoxic clostridial diseases are tetanus and botulism, which are produced by Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum, respectively. Tetanus is characterized by spastic paralysis and botulism by flaccid paralysis. Neither disease present with specific gross or microscopic lesions. The pathogenesis of clostridial diseases involves the production of toxins. Confirming a diagnosis of some of the clostridial diseases of horses is sometimes difficult, mainly because some agents can be present in tissues of normal animals. This paper reviews the main clostridial diseases of horses.
摘要：
马的梭菌病可分为三大类：肠/肠毒性，组织毒性,和神经毒性。主要的肠/肠毒性疾病包括由C型产气荚膜梭菌和艰难梭菌产生的疾病，两者都以小肠结肠炎为特征。主要的组织毒性疾病是气体坏疽，Tyzzer病,和传染性坏死性肝炎.气体坏疽由一种或多种以下微生物产生：产气荚膜梭菌A型，败血梭菌,索氏梭菌，和新型梭菌，其特征是坏死性蜂窝织炎和/或肌炎。泰兹病是由纤毛梭状芽胞杆菌产生的，主要特征是多灶性坏死性肝炎。传染性坏死性肝炎是由B型梭状芽胞杆菌产生的，其特征是局灶性坏死性肝炎。主要的神经毒性梭菌疾病是破伤风和肉毒杆菌中毒，由破伤风梭菌和肉毒梭菌产生，分别。破伤风的特征是痉挛性瘫痪和由弛缓性麻痹引起的肉毒中毒。两种疾病均不存在特定的总体或微观病变。梭菌疾病的发病机制涉及毒素的产生。确认马的一些梭菌病的诊断有时是困难的，主要是因为一些药剂可以存在于正常动物的组织中。本文综述了马的主要梭菌病。
