Abstract：
The purpose of this review was to collect relevant chemical data about lycopene and its isomers, which can be extracted using different non-polar or polar aprotic solvents by SC-CO2 or biosynthesis as a friendly technique. Lycopene and other carotenoids can be identified and quantified by UV-Vis and HPLC using a C18 or C30 column, while their characterization is possible by UV-Vis, Fluorescence, FTIR, MS, NMR, and DSC assays. Among these techniques, the last four can compare lycopene isomers and identify cis or all-trans-lycopene. FTIR, MS, and NMR techniques are more suitable for the verification of the purity of lycopene extracts due to the signal complexity generated for each isomer, which enables identification by subtle differences. Additionally, some biological activities of lycopene isolated from red vegetables have already been confirmed, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity against cancer cells, probably by activating several pathways. The encapsulation of lycopene in nanoparticles demonstrated an improvement in oral delivery, and ex vivo assessments determined that these nanoparticles had better permeation and low cytotoxicity against human cells with enhanced permeation. These data suggest that lycopene has the potential to be applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in cosmetic products.
摘要：
这篇综述的目的是收集有关番茄红素及其异构体的相关化学数据，可以使用不同的非极性或极性非质子溶剂通过SC-CO2或生物合成作为友好技术提取。番茄红素和其他类胡萝卜素可以通过UV-Vis和HPLC使用C18或C30柱进行鉴定和定量。虽然它们的表征可以通过紫外-可见，荧光,FTIR,MS,NMR,和DSC分析。在这些技术中,最后四个可以比较番茄红素的异构体和识别顺式或全反式番茄红素。FTIR,MS,和NMR技术更适合于验证番茄红素提取物的纯度，由于每个异构体产生的信号复杂性，这使得能够通过细微的差异来识别。此外,从红色蔬菜中分离出的番茄红素的一些生物活性已经得到证实，如抗炎，抗氧化剂，和对癌细胞的细胞毒活性，可能是通过激活几种途径。番茄红素在纳米颗粒中的封装证明了口服递送的改善，和离体评估确定这些纳米颗粒具有更好的渗透性和对人细胞的低细胞毒性,具有增强的渗透性。这些数据表明，番茄红素具有在食品和制药工业中应用的潜力，以及化妆品。
