Abstract：
Use of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in trauma patients is a common practice. However, considering the increasing rates of antibiotic resistance, AP use should be questioned and limited only to specific cases. We performed a systematic review of recent literature (from year 2000), aiming to summarize the state of the art on efficacy and appropriateness of AP in patients with traumatic injuries of torso, maxillofacial complex and skin (including burns). Twenty-six articles were selected. In thoracic trauma, AP could be useful in reducing infective complications in tube thoracostomy for penetrating trauma. In maxillo-facial trauma, AP could find a role in the peri-operative trauma setting in the case of a graft or prosthetic implant. In abdominal trauma, there is a lack of consensus on the definition of contamination, infection, antibiotic therapy, and prophylaxis. In burned patients, routine AP is not suggested. In the case of human bites to the extremities, AP could find an indication. Future studies should focus on the subcategories of patients at higher risk of infection, identifying those who would benefit from AP. Attention to antimicrobial stewardship and guidelines focused on AP in trauma are required, to reduce antibiotic abuse, and increase quality research.
摘要：
在创伤患者中使用抗生素预防（AP）是一种常见的做法。然而,考虑到抗生素耐药性的增加，AP的使用应该受到质疑，并且仅限于特定情况。我们对最近的文献(从2000年开始)进行了系统的回顾，旨在总结AP在躯干外伤患者中的疗效和适当性的最新研究，颌面部复合体和皮肤（包括烧伤）。选择了26篇文章。在胸部创伤中，AP可用于减少穿透性创伤的导管胸造口术中的感染并发症。在颌面部创伤中，在移植物或假体植入物的情况下，AP可以在围手术期创伤设置中发挥作用。在腹部创伤中，对污染的定义缺乏共识，感染,抗生素治疗,和预防。在烧伤患者中，不建议使用常规AP。在人类四肢咬伤的情况下，AP可以找到指示。未来的研究应该集中在感染风险较高的患者的亚类上，确定将从AP中受益的人。需要注意抗菌药物的管理和指南，重点是创伤中的AP。为了减少抗生素滥用，提高研究质量。
