Abstract：
Bladder cancer (BC) constitutes approximately 2% of all spontaneously occurring cancers in dogs. It is characterized by a devastating clinical course in most cases, which emphasizes a constant need for the development of novel methods of disease characterization and treatment. Over the past years, advances in cell engineering have resulted in the development of various canine in vitro models of BC, emerging as complements for in vivo research. In this article, we aimed to review the available data on existing in vitro models of canine BC, focusing primarily on their characteristics, applications in veterinary medicine, as well as advantages and disadvantages. The most commonly used in vitro models of canine BC comprise immortalized cell lines grown as adherent monolayers. They provide an unlimited supply of research material, however, they do not faithfully reflect the conditions prevailing in vivo, since the spatial cellular interactions are lost. The importance of the three-dimensional (3D) features of solid tumors in relation to carcinogenesis or drug response process has resulted in the development of the first canine 3D models of BC available for in vitro research. So far, results obtained with in vitro and in vivo research should be interpreted together. With the constantly growing complexity of in vitro models of BC cancer, animal-based research might be reduced in the future.
摘要：
膀胱癌(BC)占狗中所有自发发生的癌症的约2%。在大多数情况下，它的特点是破坏性的临床过程，这强调了不断需要开发新的疾病表征和治疗方法。在过去的几年里,细胞工程的进步导致了各种犬BC体外模型的发展，正在成为体内研究的补充。在这篇文章中,我们的目的是回顾现有的犬BC体外模型的可用数据，主要关注他们的特点，在兽医学中的应用，以及优点和缺点。最常用的犬BC体外模型包括生长为粘附单层的永生化细胞系。他们提供无限的研究材料，然而,它们不能忠实地反映体内普遍存在的情况，因为空间细胞相互作用丢失了。实体瘤的三维（3D）特征与致癌作用或药物反应过程有关的重要性已导致开发出第一批可用于体外研究的犬BC3D模型。到目前为止,体外和体内研究获得的结果应一起解释。随着BC癌体外模型的复杂性不断增加,未来可能会减少以动物为基础的研究。
