PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Brownfields are a multitude of abandoned and disused sites, spanning many former purposes. Brownfields represent a heterogenous yet ubiquitous exposure for many Americans, which may contain hazardous wastes and represent urban blight. Neonates and pregnant individuals are often sensitive to subtle environmental exposures. We evaluate whether residential brownfield exposure is associated with birth defects.
Using North Carolina birth records from 2003 to 2015, we sampled 753,195 births with 39,495 defects identified. We examined defect groups and 30 distinct phenotypes. Number of brownfields within 2,000 m of the residential address at birth was summed. We utilized mixed effects multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic and environmental covariates available from birth records, 2010 Census, and EPA\'s Environmental Quality Index to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
We observed positive associations between cardiovascular and external defect groups (OR [95% CI]: 1.07 [1.02-1.13] and 1.17 [1.01-1.35], respectively) and any brownfield exposure. We also observed positive associations with atrial septal and ventricular septal defects (1.08 [1.01-1.16] and 1.15 [1.03-1.28], respectively), congenital cataracts (1.38 [0.98-1.96]), and an inverse association with gastroschisis (0.74 [0.58-0.94]). Effect estimates for several additional defects were positive, though we observed null associations for most group and individual defects. Additional analyses indicated an exposure-response relationship for several defects across levels of brownfield exposure.
Our results indicate that residential proximity to brownfields is associated with birth defects, especially cardiovascular and external defects. In-depth analyses of individual defects and specific contaminants or brownfield sites may reveal additional novel associations.
Using North Carolina birth records from 2003 to 2015, we sampled 753,195 births with 39,495 defects identified. We examined defect groups and 30 distinct phenotypes. Number of brownfields within 2,000 m of the residential address at birth was summed. We utilized mixed effects multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic and environmental covariates available from birth records, 2010 Census, and EPA\'s Environmental Quality Index to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
We observed positive associations between cardiovascular and external defect groups (OR [95% CI]: 1.07 [1.02-1.13] and 1.17 [1.01-1.35], respectively) and any brownfield exposure. We also observed positive associations with atrial septal and ventricular septal defects (1.08 [1.01-1.16] and 1.15 [1.03-1.28], respectively), congenital cataracts (1.38 [0.98-1.96]), and an inverse association with gastroschisis (0.74 [0.58-0.94]). Effect estimates for several additional defects were positive, though we observed null associations for most group and individual defects. Additional analyses indicated an exposure-response relationship for several defects across levels of brownfield exposure.
Our results indicate that residential proximity to brownfields is associated with birth defects, especially cardiovascular and external defects. In-depth analyses of individual defects and specific contaminants or brownfield sites may reveal additional novel associations.
摘要：
棕地是许多废弃和废弃的地方，跨越许多以前的目的。对于许多美国人来说，棕地代表了一种异质但无处不在的暴露，可能含有危险废物，代表城市疫病。新生儿和孕妇通常对微妙的环境暴露敏感。我们评估住宅棕地暴露是否与出生缺陷有关。
使用2003年至2015年的北卡罗来纳州出生记录，我们对753,195例新生儿进行了抽样，发现了39,495例缺陷。我们检查了缺陷组和30种不同的表型。出生时居住地址2,000m内的棕地数量已汇总。我们利用了混合效应多变量逻辑回归模型，对出生记录中的人口和环境协变量进行了调整，2010年人口普查，和EPA的环境质量指数来估计比值比(OR)和95%置信区间(CI)。
我们观察到心血管和外部缺陷组之间的正相关（OR[95％CI]：1.07[1.02-1.13]和1.17[1.01-1.35]，分别)和任何棕地暴露。我们还观察到与房间隔和室间隔缺损呈正相关（1.08[1.01-1.16]和1.15[1.03-1.28]，分别)，先天性白内障（1.38[0.98-1.96]），与腹裂呈负相关(0.74[0.58-0.94])。对几个额外缺陷的效果估计是积极的，尽管我们观察到大多数群体和个体缺陷的零关联。其他分析表明，在棕场暴露水平上，几种缺陷的暴露-响应关系。
我们的结果表明，靠近棕地的住宅与出生缺陷有关，尤其是心血管和外部缺陷。对单个缺陷和特定污染物或棕地位点的深入分析可能会揭示其他新的关联。
使用2003年至2015年的北卡罗来纳州出生记录，我们对753,195例新生儿进行了抽样，发现了39,495例缺陷。我们检查了缺陷组和30种不同的表型。出生时居住地址2,000m内的棕地数量已汇总。我们利用了混合效应多变量逻辑回归模型，对出生记录中的人口和环境协变量进行了调整，2010年人口普查，和EPA的环境质量指数来估计比值比(OR)和95%置信区间(CI)。
我们观察到心血管和外部缺陷组之间的正相关（OR[95％CI]：1.07[1.02-1.13]和1.17[1.01-1.35]，分别)和任何棕地暴露。我们还观察到与房间隔和室间隔缺损呈正相关（1.08[1.01-1.16]和1.15[1.03-1.28]，分别)，先天性白内障（1.38[0.98-1.96]），与腹裂呈负相关(0.74[0.58-0.94])。对几个额外缺陷的效果估计是积极的，尽管我们观察到大多数群体和个体缺陷的零关联。其他分析表明，在棕场暴露水平上，几种缺陷的暴露-响应关系。
我们的结果表明，靠近棕地的住宅与出生缺陷有关，尤其是心血管和外部缺陷。对单个缺陷和特定污染物或棕地位点的深入分析可能会揭示其他新的关联。
