Abstract：
Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) and glufosinate (ammonium dl-homoalanin- 4-methyl phosphinate) are nonselective, broad-spectrum, and highly polar herbicides that are wildly used for weed control in aquatic systems and vegetation control in non-crop areas. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the major degradation product of glyphosate. To address the concerns to its environmental residue and the possible adverse effects, the analytical methods by using microwave-assisted derivatization were developed for determining glyphosate, AMPA, and glufosinate in river water and sediments. The methods applied the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC-Cl) derivatization for the analytes. The microwave heating is first-time applied to reduce the FMOC-reaction time of glyphosate, AMPA, and glyphosate in the environmental samples to less than 2.5 min. The microwave-assisted methods were successfully validated for river water and sediment. The linear ranges of 7.8-2000.0 ng/L and 0.78-100.0 ng/g were achieved by using 10 mL of water and 2 g of sediments. Glyphosate was found in 30/32% and 25/32% of 32 water and 32 sediments at 27.1-1353.9 ng/L and 2.4-189.6 ng/g levels. AMPA was found in 30/32% and 30/32% of 32 water and 32 sediments at 60.2-1509.0 ng/L and 1.8-233.6 ng/g levels. Glyphosate was found in 10/32% of 32 water at 14.8-503.1 ng/L levels. No glufosinate residue was observed for 32 sediments. The residues of glyphosate and AMPA were wildly detected in the river waters and sediments near the agricultural regions, and glufosinate was less detected. This is the first study that reported herbicide levels in water and sediment from Taiwan rural areas using microwave-assisted rapid derivatization, useful information for environmental management.
摘要：
草甘膦（N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸）和草铵膦（dl-高丙氨酸-4-甲基次膦酸铵）是非选择性的，广谱,和高度极性的除草剂，广泛用于水生系统的杂草控制和非作物地区的植被控制。氨甲基膦酸(AMPA)是草甘膦的主要降解产物。为了解决对其环境残留和可能产生的不利影响的关注，建立了微波辅助衍生法测定草甘膦的分析方法，AMPA,和草铵膦在河水和沉积物中。该方法将9-芴基甲氧基碳酰氯（FMOC-Cl）衍生化应用于分析物。微波加热是首次应用于减少草甘膦的FMOC-反应时间，AMPA,和草甘膦在环境样品中小于2.5分钟。微波辅助方法已成功验证了河水和沉积物。通过使用10mL水和2g沉积物，线性范围为7.8-2000.0ng/L和0.78-100.0ng/g。在27.1-1353.9ng/L和2.4-189.6ng/g的水平下，在32种水和32种沉积物的30/32％和25/32％中发现了草甘膦。在60.2-1509.0ng/L和1.8-233.6ng/g的水平下，在32种水和32种沉积物的30/32％和30/32％中发现了AMPA。在14.8-503.1ng/L水平的32个水中的10/32％中发现了草甘膦。对于32个沉积物没有观察到草铵膦残留物。在农业区附近的河水和沉积物中广泛检测到草甘膦和AMPA的残留物，和草铵膦检测较少。这是首次报道台湾农村地区使用微波辅助快速衍生化水和沉积物中除草剂含量的研究，对环境管理有用的信息。
