Abstract：
Endogenic pigments derived from hemoglobin have been successfully applied in the clinic for both imaging and therapy based on their inherent photophysical and photochemical properties, including light absorption, fluorescence emission, and producing reactive oxygen species. However, the clinically approved endogenic pigments can be excited only by UV/vis light, restricting the penetration depth of in vivo applications. Recently, endogenic pigments with NIR-absorbing properties have been explored for constructing functional nanomaterials. Here, the overview of NIR-absorbing endogenic pigments, mainly bile pigments, and melanins, as emerging building blocks for supramolecular construction of diagnostic and therapeutic nanomaterials is provided. The endogenic origins, synthetic pathways, and structural characteristics of the NIR-absorbing endogenic pigments are described. The self-assembling approaches and noncovalent interactions in fabricating the nanomaterials are emphasized. Since bile pigments and melanins are inherently photothermal agents, the resulting nanomaterials are demonstrated as promising candidates for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Integration of additional diagnostic and therapeutic agents by the nanomaterials through chemical conjugation or physical encapsulation toward synergetic effects is also included. Especially, the degradation behaviors of the nanomaterials in biological environments are summarized. Along with the challenges, future perspectives are discussed for accelerating the ration design and clinical translation of NIR-absorbing nanomaterials.
摘要：
源自血红蛋白的内源性色素基于其固有的光物理和光化学特性已成功应用于临床成像和治疗。包括光吸收，荧光发射，产生活性氧。然而,临床批准的内源性色素只能通过紫外线/可见光激发，限制了体内应用的穿透深度。最近,已经探索了具有NIR吸收特性的内生颜料用于构建功能纳米材料。这里,近红外吸收内源性色素的概述，主要是胆汁色素，和黑色素，提供了用于诊断和治疗纳米材料的超分子构建的新兴构件。内生起源，合成途径，描述了吸收NIR的内源性色素的结构特征。强调了纳米材料制造中的自组装方法和非共价相互作用。由于胆汁色素和黑色素本质上是光热剂，由此产生的纳米材料被证明是有希望的候选光声成像和光热治疗。还包括通过化学缀合或物理包封通过纳米材料整合额外的诊断和治疗剂以实现协同作用。尤其是,综述了纳米材料在生物环境中的降解行为。伴随着挑战,讨论了加速NIR吸收纳米材料的定量设计和临床转化的未来前景。
