Abstract：
Oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) is the subject of few studies, resulting in a lack of understanding. The aim of this study is to review the current literature on OMM. The term searched was \"oral mucosal melanoma\" between 01/01/2000 and 03/15/2021 in the PubMed Database (MEDLINE). Patients presenting with OMM and treated in our center between January 2009 and January 2020 were included in a case series. Demographics, location, risk factors, genetic mutations, treatment performed, and overall survival (OS) rates were evaluated. The PubMed database search yielded a total of 513 results, thirty-eight articles were finally included, which amounted to 2230 cases of OMM. 13 patients were included in the case series. A male-to-female ratio of 1.28:1.00 was found with a mean age at first diagnosis of 58.2 years old. Hard palate (1060 cases) and then gingiva (794 cases) were the two main locations. No risk factors could be identified. OMM were staged III or IV at diagnosis. Mutations were described as such: KIT in 14.6% of cases, BRAF in 7%, and NRAS in 5.6%. Treatment protocols varied but radical surgery was the cornerstone treatment associated with adjuvant therapies. Immunotherapy has not been evaluated for OMM. OS rates were 43.4% at 3 years, 33.1% at 5 year and 15.4% at 10 years. OMM show distinct features from cutaneous melanoma (CM): typical locations, no identified risk factors, different mutations profile, worse prognosis with advanced stage at diagnosis. Targeted therapies are still underused compared to CM.
摘要：
口腔粘膜黑色素瘤（OMM）是很少研究的主题，导致缺乏理解。本研究的目的是回顾目前关于OMM的文献。在PubMed数据库（MEDLINE）中，搜索的术语为2000年1月1日至2021年3月15日之间的“口腔粘膜黑色素瘤”。2009年1月至2020年1月在我们中心接受治疗的OMM患者被纳入病例系列。人口统计,location,危险因素，基因突变,进行治疗，评估总生存率（OS）。PubMed数据库搜索总共产生了513个结果，最终包括了38篇文章，总计2230例OMM。病例系列中包括13例患者。发现男女比例为1.28：1.00，首次诊断时的平均年龄为58.2岁。硬腭（1060例）和牙龈（794例）是两个主要位置。没有风险因素可以确定。OMM在诊断时为III期或IV期。突变被描述为：14.6％的病例中的KIT，7％的BRAF，NRAS为5.6%。治疗方案各不相同，但根治性手术是与辅助治疗相关的基础治疗。尚未评估OMM的免疫治疗。3年OS率为43.4%,5年为33.1%，10年为15.4%。OMM显示出与皮肤黑色素瘤（CM）不同的特征：典型位置，没有确定的风险因素，不同的突变谱，诊断时晚期预后较差。与CM相比，靶向治疗仍未得到充分利用。
