PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Most studies investigating mental fatigue (MF) in soccer utilized a computerized Stroop task to induce MF. However, the traditional key-pressing task has been challenged for its lack of ecological validity. The limited relevance to real-life soccer made it difficult to bridge the gap between the research and the applied setting. Therefore, a novel soccer-specific inducing task is in urgent need. This study compared a novel MF-inducing task in soccer with the Stroop task and investigated the impact of induced MF on cognitive and soccer-specific skill performance. A randomized, counterbalanced crossover design was employed. Fifteen well-trained male soccer players randomly participated in three MF-inducing tasks. Two of them were motor tasks consisting of 10 repeated interval Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (10xLSPT or LSPT) in clockwise passing order (10xC-LSPT) with each block starting every 2 min. The two tasks share the same movement pattern, but C-LSPT is considered to have lower cognitive demands. The third was the 20-min Stroop task (Stroop-20). MF was assessed immediately before and after each task by visual analog scale (VAS), the cognitive performance in a 3-min Stroop task, and the skill performance in one LSPT. Subjective MF increased similarly after 10xLSPT and Stroop-20 (+ 25.4 ± 10.3 vs. + 23.4 ± 10.8 AU, p = 0.607). The induced MF by 10xLSPT and Stroop-20 had no impact on cognitive performance and movement time but similarly affected in a significantly negative manner on penalty time (+ 5.9 ± 4.9 vs. + 5.4 ± 4.2 s, p = 0.748) and passing accuracy (-1.4 ± 1.5 vs. -1.0 ± 1.3, p = 0.465). Two motor tasks shared similar intensity, but 10xC-LSPT was inefficient to induce MF. The results showed that the 20-min repeated interval LSPT could induce a similar MF as the Stroop task. The induced MF had detrimental effects on soccer skill performance. The novel motor task is recommended for MF studies in soccer as an inducement task. Practitioners should be cautious about the prolonged cognitive-demanding skill section of the pre-match warm-up to avoid the negative effect of MF on the upcoming match. This motor task pattern could be followed as a supplementary training protocol.
摘要：
大多数调查足球精神疲劳（MF）的研究都利用计算机化的Stroop任务来诱导MF。然而,传统的关键任务因缺乏生态有效性而受到挑战。与现实生活中的足球相关性有限，因此很难弥合研究与应用环境之间的差距。因此,迫切需要一种新颖的针对足球的诱导任务。这项研究将足球中的新MF诱导任务与Stroop任务进行了比较，并研究了诱导MF对认知和足球特定技能表现的影响。一个随机的，采用平衡交叉设计。15名训练有素的男足球运动员随机参加了三项MF诱导任务。其中两项是运动任务，包括10次重复间隔的拉夫堡足球传球测试（10xLSPT或LSPT），顺时针传球顺序（10xC-LSPT），每个方块每2分钟开始一次。这两个任务共享相同的运动模式，但C-LSPT被认为具有较低的认知需求。第三个是20分钟的Stroop任务（Stroop-20）。MF在每个任务之前和之后立即通过视觉模拟量表(VAS)进行评估，在3分钟Stroop任务中的认知表现，以及一个LSPT中的技能表现。在10xLSPT和Stroop-20之后，主观MF相似地增加（+25.4±10.3vs.+23.4±10.8AU，p=0.607）。10xLSPT和Stroop-20诱导的MF对认知表现和运动时间没有影响，但对惩罚时间有明显的负面影响（+5.9±4.9vs.+5.4±4.2s,p=0.748）和通过精度（-1.4±1.5vs.-1.0±1.3，p=0.465）。两个运动任务具有相似的强度，但10xC-LSPT诱导MF效率低下。结果表明，20分钟的重复间隔LSPT可以诱导与Stroop任务相似的MF。诱导的MF对足球技能表现有不利影响。建议将新颖的运动任务作为诱发任务用于足球中的MF研究。从业者应谨慎对待赛前热身中长时间的认知要求高的技能部分，以避免MF对即将到来的比赛产生负面影响。这种运动任务模式可以作为补充训练协议。
