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Abstract：
There has been a consistent rise in urban disasters, particularly in developing countries located in tropical areas. Among various challenges of disaster risk management and climate change impacts, it is noted that most residents are poorly informed about their risk exposure or apposite response. The paper is based on the premise that one important cause for this gap is inadequate emphasis on risk communication at different levels of planning and agreements. Accordingly, it highlights some important gaps in the risk communication across international agreements including Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and evaluates their impacts at the local level. It brings three selected urban case studies located in the tropical areas of the South Asia region that illustrate gaps in risk communication that result in enhanced vulnerability and deviations in response. The findings are based on secondary data and literature focusing on global agreements, risk communication, and disaster response. The paper argues that even though global strategies address urban risks, the fragmented nature of risk communication results in poor response and contributes to losses that occur in disasters. Three critical gaps noted in risk communication include (i) it not prioritized at different levels, (ii) inadequate structures to measure its impacts and stakeholders inclusiveness, and (iii) indifference to cultural diversity and integration. Further, it is suggested that there is a need to redefine risk communication at the global scale that extends beyond warning generation and considers multiple factors influencing response including interlinked vulnerabilities and variations in perceptions emerging from varied geographical, socio-cultural, economic, and political processes.
摘要：
城市灾难持续增加，特别是在热带地区的发展中国家。在灾害风险管理和气候变化影响的各种挑战中，值得注意的是，大多数居民对他们的风险暴露或适当的反应知之甚少。本文的前提是，造成这种差距的一个重要原因是在计划和协议的不同层面上对风险沟通的重视不足。因此，它强调了包括仙台减少灾害风险框架（SFDRR）在内的国际协议之间的风险沟通中的一些重要差距，可持续发展目标(SDGs)和《联合国气候变化框架公约》(《气候公约》)，并评估其在地方一级的影响。它带来了位于南亚地区热带地区的三个选定的城市案例研究，这些案例研究说明了风险交流方面的差距，这些差距导致了脆弱性的增强和应对方面的偏差。调查结果基于侧重于全球协议的二级数据和文献，风险沟通,和灾难响应。本文认为，即使全球战略解决了城市风险，风险沟通的分散性质导致反应不佳，并导致灾害中发生的损失。风险沟通中注意到的三个关键差距包括(i)它没有在不同级别上优先考虑，（ii）衡量其影响和利益相关者包容性的结构不足，（iii）对文化多样性和融合漠不关心。Further,有人建议，有必要在全球范围内重新定义风险沟通，超越预警产生，并考虑影响反应的多种因素，包括相互关联的脆弱性和不同地域出现的观念变化，社会文化,经济,和政治进程。
