Abstract：
Functional defecation disorders (FDDs) and fecal incontinence (FI) are common anorectal disorders often distressing and significantly add to the healthcare burden. They present with multiple, overlapping symptoms that can often obscure the underlying pathophysiology and can pose significant management dilemmas. A detailed history, stool diaries and visual scales of stool form, a careful digital rectal examination are needed to guide anorectal physiology tests. With high-resolution (3-D) anorectal manometry, anal ultrasonography, (magnetic resonance) defecography and imaging, and neurophysiological tests, it is possible to define and characterize the underlying structural and functional abnormalities more accurately. In this review, we present a succinct update on the latest knowledge with regards to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of FDDS, fecal incontinence and abnormalities of rectal capacity (i.e., megarectum, microrectum).
摘要：
功能性排便障碍（FDDs）和大便失禁（FI）是常见的肛门直肠疾病，通常令人痛苦，并显着增加了医疗保健负担。他们呈现多个，重叠的症状通常会掩盖潜在的病理生理学，并可能造成重大的管理困境。详细的历史，大便日记和大便形式的视觉尺度，需要仔细的直肠指检来指导肛门直肠生理检查。高分辨率（3-D）肛门直肠测压，肛门超声检查,（磁共振）排粪造影和成像，和神经生理学测试，有可能更准确地定义和表征潜在的结构和功能异常。在这次审查中,我们提供了关于病理生理学的最新知识的简洁更新，FDDS的诊断和管理，大便失禁和直肠容量异常(即，大直肠,微直肠）。
