Abstract：
Currently, 52% of all raptor species demonstrate a decreasing population tendency, and the American harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) has been categorized as \"near threatened\" by the IUCN. Habitat loss, persecution, and subsequent reduction of genetic diversity are regarded as major threats to the world\'s strongest eagle. Captive breeding and reintroduction into protected habitats are approaches of species conservation projects, but captive propagation is difficult due to low ex-situ numbers and scarce successful breeding pairs. The aim of the present study was to collect, analyze, and store semen from harpy eagles and to use aliquots for artificial insemination to increase the number of offspring and to include more individuals into the ex-situ gene pool. First, semen collection and semen availability were assessed in four males during the course of 1 year in European zoos. Second, these experiences were transferred to ex-situ breeding programs in Brazilian zoos to attempt semen collection in 13 male eagles. Semen collection was successful in 51.7% of the attempts and in 8/13 males (individual success rates 20-100%) using electro-stimulation. Most commonly, whey-like to milky, whitish semen samples were collected, regularly containing urate impurities (67.7%). The median semen volume was 106 μl and the median sperm concentration 5,000 sperm/μl (750-22,500 sperm/μl). Mean values for pH were 6.7, for sperm motility 27.7 ± 22.6%, for progressive motility 2.9 ± 5.6%, and for sperm viability 46.6 ± 16.3%. Using semen extenders, a sperm motility of 8% was maintained for 27 h in the refrigerator. Artificial insemination was performed in one female, but the success of fertilization could not be assessed due to egg destruction. In this study, methods for assisted reproduction were refined for use in harpy eagles, and the first semen samples were evaluated as a start to establish species-specific orientation values.
摘要：
目前,所有猛禽物种的52％显示出种群减少的趋势，美国哈比鹰（Harpiaharpyja）已被IUCN归类为“近威胁”。栖息地丧失,迫害,遗传多样性的减少被认为是对世界上最强鹰的主要威胁。圈养繁殖和重新引入受保护的栖息地是物种保护项目的方法，但是由于异位数量少和成功繁殖对少，圈养繁殖很困难。本研究的目的是收集，分析,并储存哈比鹰的精液，并使用等分进行人工授精，以增加后代的数量，并将更多的个体纳入异位基因库。首先,在欧洲动物园中，在1年的过程中评估了四名雄性的精液收集和精液可用性。第二,这些经验被转移到巴西动物园的异地繁殖计划中，以尝试在13只雄鹰中收集精液。使用电刺激的精液收集在51.7％的尝试中成功，在8/13的男性中成功（个人成功率为20-100％）。最常见的是,乳白色的乳清，收集了白色精液样本，经常含有尿酸盐杂质(67.7%)。平均精液量为106μl,平均精子浓度为5,000个精子/μl(750-22,500个精子/μl)。pH值的平均值为6.7，精子活力为27.7±22.6％，对于渐进性运动2.9±5.6％，精子活力为46.6±16.3%。使用精液延长器，8％的精子活力在冰箱中保持27小时。一名女性进行了人工授精，但是由于卵的破坏，无法评估受精的成功。在这项研究中,改进了辅助生殖方法，用于竖琴鹰，并对第一个精液样本进行评估，以建立特定物种的方向值。
