PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The public often perceives the insanity defense as a \"get out of jail free card\". Conversely, several studies demonstrate the substantial control imposed upon these defendants. This study compares Review Boards decisions regarding people found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) to criminal courts decisions regarding convicted offenders for similar offenses in Canada.
METHODS: Detention, using logistic regression, and duration under detention and supervision, using Cox regression, were compared between a cohort of 1794 individuals found NCRMD in three Canadian provinces (Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia) between 2000 and 2005 followed until 2008 from the National Trajectory Project and a national sample of 3,20,919 Canadians convicted of criminal offense from Statistics Canada\'s Criminal Court Survey.
RESULTS: Individuals found NCRMD are 3.8 times (95% CI 3.4-4.3) more likely to be detained than convicted offenders as well as 4.8 times (95% CI 4.5-5.3) and 2.9 times (95% CI 2.6-3.1) less likely to be released from detention and supervision, respectively. One year after the verdict, 73% of the NCRMD accused were still under legal supervision and 42% were still in detention, whereas these proportions were, respectively, 41 and 1% for their convicted counterparts. Interaction effects show that sex, age, jurisdiction, number of offenses, and severity of crimes committed have a differential impact on decisions applied to NCRMD accused compared to convicted persons.
CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to popular perceptions, the insanity defense is not a loophole. Differences as to factors influencing the trajectories of the two samples confirm that Review Boards are able to distance their practices from the criminal courts and can set aside, at least in part, the principles of proportionality and punitiveness governing the traditional sentencing practices.
METHODS: Detention, using logistic regression, and duration under detention and supervision, using Cox regression, were compared between a cohort of 1794 individuals found NCRMD in three Canadian provinces (Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia) between 2000 and 2005 followed until 2008 from the National Trajectory Project and a national sample of 3,20,919 Canadians convicted of criminal offense from Statistics Canada\'s Criminal Court Survey.
RESULTS: Individuals found NCRMD are 3.8 times (95% CI 3.4-4.3) more likely to be detained than convicted offenders as well as 4.8 times (95% CI 4.5-5.3) and 2.9 times (95% CI 2.6-3.1) less likely to be released from detention and supervision, respectively. One year after the verdict, 73% of the NCRMD accused were still under legal supervision and 42% were still in detention, whereas these proportions were, respectively, 41 and 1% for their convicted counterparts. Interaction effects show that sex, age, jurisdiction, number of offenses, and severity of crimes committed have a differential impact on decisions applied to NCRMD accused compared to convicted persons.
CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to popular perceptions, the insanity defense is not a loophole. Differences as to factors influencing the trajectories of the two samples confirm that Review Boards are able to distance their practices from the criminal courts and can set aside, at least in part, the principles of proportionality and punitiveness governing the traditional sentencing practices.
摘要：
背景：公众通常将精神错乱辩护视为“出狱免费卡”。相反，几项研究证明了对这些被告的实质性控制。这项研究将审查委员会关于因精神障碍（NCRMD）而被认为不负刑事责任的人的决定与刑事法院关于加拿大因类似罪行而被定罪的罪犯的决定进行了比较。
方法：拘留，使用逻辑回归，以及被拘留和监督的期限，使用Cox回归，在加拿大三个省(魁北克，安大略省,和不列颠哥伦比亚省）在2000年至2005年之间，从国家轨迹项目一直持续到2008年，并从加拿大统计局的刑事法院调查中获得了3,20,919名加拿大人因刑事犯罪而被定罪的国家样本。
结果：个人发现NCRMD被拘留的可能性是被定罪罪犯的3.8倍（95％CI3.4-4.3），以及4.8倍（95％CI4.5-5.3）和2.9倍（95％CI2.6-3.1）从拘留和监督中释放的可能性较小，分别。判决一年后,73%的NCRMD被告仍在法律监督下，42%仍被拘留，而这些比例是，分别,41和1%的被定罪的同行。交互作用表明性别，年龄,管辖权,犯罪的数量，与被定罪的人相比，所犯罪行的严重程度对适用于NCRMD的决定有不同的影响。
结论：与普遍看法相反，精神错乱的辩护不是漏洞。关于影响两个样本轨迹的因素的差异证实，审查委员会能够将其做法与刑事法院保持距离，并可以搁置，至少在某种程度上,支配传统量刑做法的相称性和惩罚性原则。
方法：拘留，使用逻辑回归，以及被拘留和监督的期限，使用Cox回归，在加拿大三个省(魁北克，安大略省,和不列颠哥伦比亚省）在2000年至2005年之间，从国家轨迹项目一直持续到2008年，并从加拿大统计局的刑事法院调查中获得了3,20,919名加拿大人因刑事犯罪而被定罪的国家样本。
结果：个人发现NCRMD被拘留的可能性是被定罪罪犯的3.8倍（95％CI3.4-4.3），以及4.8倍（95％CI4.5-5.3）和2.9倍（95％CI2.6-3.1）从拘留和监督中释放的可能性较小，分别。判决一年后,73%的NCRMD被告仍在法律监督下，42%仍被拘留，而这些比例是，分别,41和1%的被定罪的同行。交互作用表明性别，年龄,管辖权,犯罪的数量，与被定罪的人相比，所犯罪行的严重程度对适用于NCRMD的决定有不同的影响。
结论：与普遍看法相反，精神错乱的辩护不是漏洞。关于影响两个样本轨迹的因素的差异证实，审查委员会能够将其做法与刑事法院保持距离，并可以搁置，至少在某种程度上,支配传统量刑做法的相称性和惩罚性原则。
