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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism of toes are the most common developmental variations of the foot. These bones may be associated with painful syndromes; however, their clinical importance is not well understood because the reported prevalence varies widely. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these variants in Turkish subjects.
METHODS: A total of 1651 foot radiographs were retrospectively assessed. Radiographs of feet were examined regarding the prevalence, sex, and bilaterality of accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism in Turkish subjects.
RESULTS: Accessory ossicles (26.1%) and sesamoid bones (8%) were detected. The most common accessory ossicles were os trigonum (9.8%), accessory navicular bone (7.9%), and os peroneum (5.8%). Also, we detected os supratalare (0.48%), os calcanei secundarium (0.42%) os subfibulare (0.42%), os supranaviculare (0.36%), os vesalianum (0.30%), os subtibiale (0.24%), os intermetatarseum (0.12%), and os subcalcis (0.12%). We observed bipartite hallux sesamoid in 1.8% and interphalangeal sesamoid bone of the hallux in 0.7% of radiographs. Incidences of metatarsophalangeal sesamoid bones were found as 0.6%, 0.06%, 0.6%, and 5.8% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth digit, respectively. We observed biphalangeal toe in 0.5%, 1.7%, 3.5%, and 37.6% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth toe, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first detailed report on the incidence of the most common variants of the foot and ankle in a wide-ranging patients\' series in Turkish subjects. Our study\'s findings will contribute to reducing misdiagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study may provide anatomical data that could help clinicians in the diagnosis and management of disorders that present with pain and discomfort in the feet. Knowledge of these variants is important to prevent misinterpreting them as fractures.
METHODS: A total of 1651 foot radiographs were retrospectively assessed. Radiographs of feet were examined regarding the prevalence, sex, and bilaterality of accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism in Turkish subjects.
RESULTS: Accessory ossicles (26.1%) and sesamoid bones (8%) were detected. The most common accessory ossicles were os trigonum (9.8%), accessory navicular bone (7.9%), and os peroneum (5.8%). Also, we detected os supratalare (0.48%), os calcanei secundarium (0.42%) os subfibulare (0.42%), os supranaviculare (0.36%), os vesalianum (0.30%), os subtibiale (0.24%), os intermetatarseum (0.12%), and os subcalcis (0.12%). We observed bipartite hallux sesamoid in 1.8% and interphalangeal sesamoid bone of the hallux in 0.7% of radiographs. Incidences of metatarsophalangeal sesamoid bones were found as 0.6%, 0.06%, 0.6%, and 5.8% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth digit, respectively. We observed biphalangeal toe in 0.5%, 1.7%, 3.5%, and 37.6% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth toe, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first detailed report on the incidence of the most common variants of the foot and ankle in a wide-ranging patients\' series in Turkish subjects. Our study\'s findings will contribute to reducing misdiagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study may provide anatomical data that could help clinicians in the diagnosis and management of disorders that present with pain and discomfort in the feet. Knowledge of these variants is important to prevent misinterpreting them as fractures.
摘要：
背景：附属小骨，芝麻骨,脚趾和双指骨是足部最常见的发育变化。这些骨骼可能与疼痛综合征有关；然而，它们的临床重要性尚不清楚,因为报告的患病率差异很大.因此,我们旨在研究土耳其受试者中的这些变异。
方法：回顾性评估了总共1651张足部X光片。检查了脚的射线照片的患病率，性别,和副听骨的双侧性，芝麻骨,和土耳其科目中的双指教。
结果：检测到副骨（26.1％）和芝麻骨（8％）。最常见的副听骨是三角骨（9.8％），副舟骨（7.9%），和腓骨(5.8%)。此外，我们检测到Osupatalare(0.48%)，scalcaneisecundarium（0.42%）s腓骨下（0.42%），Ossupranaviculare(0.36%)，维生素A（0.30%），亚旅游（0.24%），骨间（0.12%），和ossubcalcis（0.12%）。我们在X射线照片中观察到1.8％的双足芝麻骨和0.7％的掌指间芝麻骨。meta趾芝麻骨的发生率为0.6％，0.06%,0.6%，第二个是5.8%，第三,第四,第五位数字，分别。我们观察到双指脚趾占0.5%，1.7%,3.5%,第二是37.6%，第三,第四,第五脚趾，分别。
结论：这项研究是关于土耳其受试者中广泛的患者系列中最常见的足和踝关节变异发生率的第一份详细报告。我们的研究结果将有助于减少误诊。
结论：这项研究的结果可能提供解剖学数据，可以帮助临床医生诊断和治疗足部疼痛和不适的疾病。了解这些变体对于防止将其误解为骨折很重要。
方法：回顾性评估了总共1651张足部X光片。检查了脚的射线照片的患病率，性别,和副听骨的双侧性，芝麻骨,和土耳其科目中的双指教。
结果：检测到副骨（26.1％）和芝麻骨（8％）。最常见的副听骨是三角骨（9.8％），副舟骨（7.9%），和腓骨(5.8%)。此外，我们检测到Osupatalare(0.48%)，scalcaneisecundarium（0.42%）s腓骨下（0.42%），Ossupranaviculare(0.36%)，维生素A（0.30%），亚旅游（0.24%），骨间（0.12%），和ossubcalcis（0.12%）。我们在X射线照片中观察到1.8％的双足芝麻骨和0.7％的掌指间芝麻骨。meta趾芝麻骨的发生率为0.6％，0.06%,0.6%，第二个是5.8%，第三,第四,第五位数字，分别。我们观察到双指脚趾占0.5%，1.7%,3.5%,第二是37.6%，第三,第四,第五脚趾，分别。
结论：这项研究是关于土耳其受试者中广泛的患者系列中最常见的足和踝关节变异发生率的第一份详细报告。我们的研究结果将有助于减少误诊。
结论：这项研究的结果可能提供解剖学数据，可以帮助临床医生诊断和治疗足部疼痛和不适的疾病。了解这些变体对于防止将其误解为骨折很重要。
