Abstract：
Nudiviruses (Nudiviridae) are double-stranded DNA viruses with enveloped and rod-shaped virions. Several insect orders (e.g., Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera) and aquatic crustaceans are susceptible to nudivirus infections, which can result in varied degrees of disease in all developmental host stages. Their pathogenicity endangers insect rearing and crustacean aquacultures, but has also proven effective in biocontrol against Oryctes rhinoceros infestations. This literature review aims to present all known nudivirus species and provide a comprehensive Nudiviridae phylogeny by including recently described nudiviral isolates, and discuss this phylogeny in comparison to current opinions and taxonomical propositions. Moreover, we aim to clarify biological, pathological and genomic differences or similarities between nudiviruses and related entomopathogenic viruses, including baculoviruses (Baculoviridae) and bracoviruses (Polydnaviridae). A phylogenetic analysis using 17 concatenated nudivirus core genes resulted in the expected structure with the genera Alphanudivirus and Betanudivirus, as well as the most recently recognized genera Gammanudivirus and Deltanudivirus. The hymenopteran Osmia cornuta nudivirus (OcNV) groups closest with the hymenopteran Fopius arisanus endogenous nudivirus (FaENV) and does not share a most common ancestor with the hymenopteran bracoviruses. Except for one node, all clades are highly supported. The proposition of a recent study to assign subgroups to the alphanudiviruses might be legitimate, but more hymenopteran and orthopteran nudiviruses, especially in bees and cricket, need to be identified to resolve this proposal. In addition, freshwater and marine nudiviruses might form taxonomic subgroups among gammanudiviruses as well, but more aquatic nudiviruses need to be identified and sequenced for better resolution. Furthermore, the search for nudiviruses in insects with (semi)aquatic life stages may aid in finding the missing link that led to the manifestation of aquatic nudiviruses.
摘要：
Nudivirus（Nubriridae）是具有包膜和杆状病毒体的双链DNA病毒。几个昆虫订单(例如，双翅目,鳞翅目,鞘翅目,直翅目）和水生甲壳类动物容易受到裸体病毒感染，这可能导致在所有发育宿主阶段不同程度的疾病。它们的致病性危及昆虫饲养和甲壳类水产养殖，但也已被证明在生物防治中有效对抗Oryctes犀牛侵扰。本文献综述旨在通过包括最近描述的裸病毒分离株，介绍所有已知的裸病毒物种，并提供全面的裸病毒科系统发育。并与目前的观点和分类学命题进行比较，讨论这种系统发育。此外，我们的目标是澄清生物学，病毒和相关昆虫病原病毒之间的病理和基因组差异或相似性，包括杆状病毒（杆状病毒科）和bracovirus（多联病毒科）。使用17个连接的裸体病毒核心基因进行的系统发育分析得出了Alphanudivirus和Betanudivirus属的预期结构，以及最近公认的γ病毒属和Deltanudivirus属。膜翅目Osmiacornutanumdivirus（OcNV）与膜翅目Fopiusarrisanus内源性numdivirus（FaENV）最接近，并且与膜翅目bracovirus没有最常见的祖先。除了一个节点，所有的进化枝都得到了高度的支持。最近的一项研究将亚组分配给字母病毒的提议可能是合法的，但是更多的膜翅目和直翅目病毒，尤其是蜜蜂和板球，需要确定来解决这个建议。此外,淡水和海洋病毒也可能在甘蓝病毒中形成分类亚组，但更多的水生病毒需要鉴定和测序，以获得更好的分辨率。此外，在具有（半）水生生命阶段的昆虫中寻找裸体病毒可能有助于找到导致水生裸体病毒表现的缺失环节。
