Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Standard treatment of epileptic seizures involves the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Both AEDs themselves and treatment duration may influence the levels of biochemical parameters, e.g., lipids or homocysteine (HCys), that may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of lipid parameters, as well as the concentrations of selected aminothiols (i.e., HCys, cysteine, and glutathione) between epileptic children treated with multiple AEDs and children without epilepsy.
METHODS: In the study, 21 children with epilepsy treated with two or more AEDs for at least 6 months (8 girls and 13 boys, mean age 7.03 ± 4.51) and 23 children without epilepsy (7 girls and 16 boys, mean age 7.54 ± 3.90) were prospectively analyzed. Lipid parameters, i.e., total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), and levels of selected aminothiols were determined in the blood serum.
RESULTS: No differences in the mean levels of lipid parameters and in the mean values of lipid ratios (TC/HDL, TG/HDL, LDL/HDL) were observed between the total groups as well as in the sex subgroups. HCys and cysteine levels did not differ between the patients and controls. We observed significantly lower levels of glutathione in children with epilepsy than in children without epilepsy (1.49 ± 0.35 µmol/L vs. 2.39 ± 1.17 µmol/L, respectively) (p < 0.001). Glutathione level was also lower in boys with epilepsy than in boys without epilepsy (p = 0.007). Similarly, epileptic girls had statistically decreased levels of glutathione when compared to girls without epilepsy (p = 0.006).
CONCLUSIONS: A lower level of glutathione is observed in pediatric patients with epilepsy treated with two or more AEDs for at least 6 months. This indicates the oxidative stress of the patients treated with AEDs, which in turn may affect their well-being, and in the case of chronic occurrence resulting from long-term treatment, also on the function of the liver and the condition of the cardiovascular system.
METHODS: In the study, 21 children with epilepsy treated with two or more AEDs for at least 6 months (8 girls and 13 boys, mean age 7.03 ± 4.51) and 23 children without epilepsy (7 girls and 16 boys, mean age 7.54 ± 3.90) were prospectively analyzed. Lipid parameters, i.e., total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), and levels of selected aminothiols were determined in the blood serum.
RESULTS: No differences in the mean levels of lipid parameters and in the mean values of lipid ratios (TC/HDL, TG/HDL, LDL/HDL) were observed between the total groups as well as in the sex subgroups. HCys and cysteine levels did not differ between the patients and controls. We observed significantly lower levels of glutathione in children with epilepsy than in children without epilepsy (1.49 ± 0.35 µmol/L vs. 2.39 ± 1.17 µmol/L, respectively) (p < 0.001). Glutathione level was also lower in boys with epilepsy than in boys without epilepsy (p = 0.007). Similarly, epileptic girls had statistically decreased levels of glutathione when compared to girls without epilepsy (p = 0.006).
CONCLUSIONS: A lower level of glutathione is observed in pediatric patients with epilepsy treated with two or more AEDs for at least 6 months. This indicates the oxidative stress of the patients treated with AEDs, which in turn may affect their well-being, and in the case of chronic occurrence resulting from long-term treatment, also on the function of the liver and the condition of the cardiovascular system.
摘要：
背景：癫痫发作的标准治疗包括使用抗癫痫药物（AED）。AED本身和治疗持续时间都可能影响生化参数的水平，例如，脂质或高半胱氨酸（HCys），这可能会增加心血管疾病的风险。本研究的目的是比较血脂参数的水平，以及选定的氨基硫醇的浓度(即，HCys,半胱氨酸,和谷胱甘肽）在接受多种AED治疗的癫痫儿童和无癫痫儿童之间。
方法：在研究中，21名癫痫患儿接受两种或两种以上AED治疗至少6个月（8名女孩和13名男孩，平均年龄7.03±4.51）和23名无癫痫儿童（7名女孩和16名男孩，平均年龄7.54±3.90）进行前瞻性分析。脂质参数,即，总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯（TG），低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL），并测定血清中选定的氨基硫醇的水平。
结果：脂质参数的平均水平和脂质比率的平均值（TC/HDL，TG/HDL,在总组之间以及性别亚组之间观察到LDL/HDL）。HCys和半胱氨酸水平在患者和对照组之间没有差异。我们观察到癫痫儿童的谷胱甘肽水平明显低于无癫痫儿童（1.49±0.35µmol/Lvs.2.39±1.17µmol/L,分别)(p<0.001)。癫痫男孩的谷胱甘肽水平也低于无癫痫男孩（p=0.007）。同样，与没有癫痫的女孩相比，癫痫女孩的谷胱甘肽水平在统计学上有所下降（p=0.006）。
结论：在使用两种或更多种AED治疗至少6个月的癫痫患儿中观察到谷胱甘肽水平较低。这表明用AED治疗的患者的氧化应激，这反过来可能会影响他们的福祉，如果长期治疗导致慢性病，还有肝脏的功能和心血管系统的状况。
方法：在研究中，21名癫痫患儿接受两种或两种以上AED治疗至少6个月（8名女孩和13名男孩，平均年龄7.03±4.51）和23名无癫痫儿童（7名女孩和16名男孩，平均年龄7.54±3.90）进行前瞻性分析。脂质参数,即，总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯（TG），低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL），并测定血清中选定的氨基硫醇的水平。
结果：脂质参数的平均水平和脂质比率的平均值（TC/HDL，TG/HDL,在总组之间以及性别亚组之间观察到LDL/HDL）。HCys和半胱氨酸水平在患者和对照组之间没有差异。我们观察到癫痫儿童的谷胱甘肽水平明显低于无癫痫儿童（1.49±0.35µmol/Lvs.2.39±1.17µmol/L,分别)(p<0.001)。癫痫男孩的谷胱甘肽水平也低于无癫痫男孩（p=0.007）。同样，与没有癫痫的女孩相比，癫痫女孩的谷胱甘肽水平在统计学上有所下降（p=0.006）。
结论：在使用两种或更多种AED治疗至少6个月的癫痫患儿中观察到谷胱甘肽水平较低。这表明用AED治疗的患者的氧化应激，这反过来可能会影响他们的福祉，如果长期治疗导致慢性病，还有肝脏的功能和心血管系统的状况。
