Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The main objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiological characteristics, the associated factors and outcomes of extra-axial hematoma (EAH) in patients of traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to road traffic accident (RTA) and to assess their survival probability after 6 and 12 months to RTA.
METHODS: This was a retrospective record-based study. A total of 520 patients diagnosed with EAH due to RTA-related TBI were studied. This study covered ten years from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, median and range were used. To test for significance in the difference between proportions, a chi-square test was applied and adjusted standardized residual to confirm the differences between groups. The Kaplan-Meier curve was plotted, and mean survival rates were calculated for each type of EAH. A two-sided p-value less than 0.05 (5%) at 95% CI was considered to be statistically significant.
RESULTS: EAH occurred in 42.1% of RTA-related TBI. Subdural hematoma (SDH) was the most common RTA-related EAH. Age and sex differences exist in the type of EAH with male preponderance and a significantly higher rate of SDH in patients aged 55 years or above. The total EHA mortality was 18.7%, and most occurred within the first month of the incident. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) was associated with poorer outcome in terms of mortality. Epidural hematoma (EDH) has the best prognosis and survival probability at six months and one year from the accident.
CONCLUSIONS: Extra-axial hematomas are very common in RTA-related TBIs and have high mortality. SDH is the most common, tSAH had the highest mortality, while EDH has the best survival. Aggressive efforts are compulsory to reduce RTA-related TBI.
METHODS: This was a retrospective record-based study. A total of 520 patients diagnosed with EAH due to RTA-related TBI were studied. This study covered ten years from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, median and range were used. To test for significance in the difference between proportions, a chi-square test was applied and adjusted standardized residual to confirm the differences between groups. The Kaplan-Meier curve was plotted, and mean survival rates were calculated for each type of EAH. A two-sided p-value less than 0.05 (5%) at 95% CI was considered to be statistically significant.
RESULTS: EAH occurred in 42.1% of RTA-related TBI. Subdural hematoma (SDH) was the most common RTA-related EAH. Age and sex differences exist in the type of EAH with male preponderance and a significantly higher rate of SDH in patients aged 55 years or above. The total EHA mortality was 18.7%, and most occurred within the first month of the incident. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) was associated with poorer outcome in terms of mortality. Epidural hematoma (EDH) has the best prognosis and survival probability at six months and one year from the accident.
CONCLUSIONS: Extra-axial hematomas are very common in RTA-related TBIs and have high mortality. SDH is the most common, tSAH had the highest mortality, while EDH has the best survival. Aggressive efforts are compulsory to reduce RTA-related TBI.
摘要：
目的：本研究的主要目的是描述流行病学特征，分析道路交通事故(RTA)所致创伤性脑损伤(TBI)患者轴外血肿(EAH)的相关因素和结局,并评估其RTA后6个月和12个月的生存概率.
方法：这是一项基于记录的回顾性研究。研究了520例因RTA相关TBI而被诊断为EAH的患者。这项研究涵盖了从2010年1月1日至2019年12月31日的十年。描述性统计，包括频率,百分比,意思是，标准偏差，使用中位数和范围。为了检验比例差异的显著性，采用卡方检验并校正标准化残差以确认组间差异.绘制了Kaplan-Meier曲线,计算每种类型EAH的平均生存率。在95%CI下小于0.05(5%)的双侧P值被认为是统计学显著的。
结果：EAH发生在42.1%的RTA相关TBI中。硬膜下血肿（SDH）是最常见的RTA相关EAH。男性占优势的EAH类型存在年龄和性别差异，55岁或以上患者的SDH发生率明显更高。总EHA死亡率为18.7%,大多数发生在事件发生的第一个月内。创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血（tSAH）与死亡率较差的预后相关。硬膜外血肿（EDH）在事故发生后6个月和1年具有最佳的预后和生存概率。
结论：轴外血肿在RTA相关的TBI中非常常见，且死亡率高。SDH是最常见的,tSAH死亡率最高,而EDH拥有最好的生存。积极的努力是强制性的，以减少RTA相关的TBI。
方法：这是一项基于记录的回顾性研究。研究了520例因RTA相关TBI而被诊断为EAH的患者。这项研究涵盖了从2010年1月1日至2019年12月31日的十年。描述性统计，包括频率,百分比,意思是，标准偏差，使用中位数和范围。为了检验比例差异的显著性，采用卡方检验并校正标准化残差以确认组间差异.绘制了Kaplan-Meier曲线,计算每种类型EAH的平均生存率。在95%CI下小于0.05(5%)的双侧P值被认为是统计学显著的。
结果：EAH发生在42.1%的RTA相关TBI中。硬膜下血肿（SDH）是最常见的RTA相关EAH。男性占优势的EAH类型存在年龄和性别差异，55岁或以上患者的SDH发生率明显更高。总EHA死亡率为18.7%,大多数发生在事件发生的第一个月内。创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血（tSAH）与死亡率较差的预后相关。硬膜外血肿（EDH）在事故发生后6个月和1年具有最佳的预后和生存概率。
结论：轴外血肿在RTA相关的TBI中非常常见，且死亡率高。SDH是最常见的,tSAH死亡率最高,而EDH拥有最好的生存。积极的努力是强制性的，以减少RTA相关的TBI。
