Abstract：
The gut-brain axis is believed to constitute a bidirectional communication mechanism that affects both mental and digestive processes. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in cognitive performance has been the focus of much research. In this paper, we discuss the effects of gut microbiota and nutrition on spatial memory and learning. Studies have shown the influence of diet on cognitive capabilities such as spatial learning and memory. It has been reported that a high-fat diet can alter gut microbiota which subsequently leads to changes in spatial learning and memory. Some microorganisms in the gut that can significantly affect spatial learning and memory are Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Helicobacter pylori. For example, a reduction in the amount of A. muciniphila in the gut leads to increased intestinal permeability and induces immune response in the brain which then negatively affects cognitive performances. We suggest that more studies should be carried out regarding the indirect effects of nutrition on cognitive activities via alteration in gut microbiota.
摘要：
肠-脑轴被认为构成影响精神和消化过程的双向交流机制。最近,肠道菌群在认知表现中的作用一直是许多研究的焦点。在本文中,我们讨论了肠道菌群和营养对空间记忆和学习的影响。研究表明，饮食对空间学习和记忆等认知能力的影响。据报道，高脂肪饮食可以改变肠道微生物群，从而导致空间学习和记忆的变化。肠道中一些能够显著影响空间学习和记忆的微生物是Akkermansiamuciniphila，双歧杆菌,乳酸菌,Firmicutes,拟杆菌,和幽门螺杆菌。例如,肠道中亲粘菌素A的量的减少导致肠道通透性增加并诱导大脑中的免疫反应,这然后对认知性能产生负面影响。我们建议应该进行更多的研究，关于营养通过改变肠道微生物群对认知活动的间接影响。
