Abstract：
Since seafarers are known to be exposed to numerous job-related stress factors that can cause fatigue, sleepiness, and disturbed sleep behaviour, the aim of this review was to provide an overview of the subjective and objective measurement methods of these strains. Using a systematic review, 166 studies were identified within the period of January 2010 to December 2020 using the PubMed database. Of the 21 studies selected, 13 used both subjective and objective measurement methods. Six studies used only subjective and two studies only objective methods. For subjective assessment, 12 different questionnaires could be identified as well as activity and sleeping logs. Actigraphy and reaction time tests (RTT) were the most common objective methods. In single cases, electrooculography (EOG), pupillometry and ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) were used. Measurement-related limitations due to vessel-related impacts were less often reported than expected. No restrictions of daily routines on board were described, and only single-measurement disturbances due to ship movements were mentioned. The present literature review reveals that there are various routines to measure fatigue, sleepiness, and sleep behaviour on board. A combination of subjective and objective methods often appears to be beneficial. The frequent use of actigraphy and RTT on board suggests good feasibility and reliable measurements with these methods. The use of ambulatory PSG in maritime-like contexts suggests that this method would also be feasible on board.
摘要：
由于已知海员会面临许多与工作相关的压力因素，这些压力因素会导致疲劳，困倦,睡眠行为受到干扰，这篇综述的目的是概述这些菌株的主观和客观测量方法。使用系统的审查，在2010年1月至2020年12月期间，使用PubMed数据库确定了166项研究。在选定的21项研究中，13使用了主观和客观的测量方法。六项研究仅使用主观方法，两项研究仅使用客观方法。对于主观评估，可以确定12种不同的问卷以及活动和睡眠日志。活动力描记法和反应时间测试（RTT）是最常见的客观方法。在单个案例中,眼电图（EOG），使用瞳孔测量和动态多导睡眠图（PSG）。由于与船舶有关的影响，与测量有关的限制报告的次数少于预期。没有描述船上日常工作的限制，并且只提到了由于船舶移动引起的单测量干扰。目前的文献综述表明，有各种例程来测量疲劳，困倦,和船上的睡眠行为。主观和客观方法的结合通常看起来是有益的。在船上频繁使用活动描记术和RTT表明这些方法具有良好的可行性和可靠的测量。在海上环境中使用动态PSG表明，这种方法在船上也是可行的。
