Abstract：
Wastewater treatment plant effluents and releases from rainwater overflow basins can contribute to the input of genotoxic micropollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Predominantly lipophilic genotoxic compounds tend to sorb to particulate matter, making sediment a source and a sink of pollution. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the genotoxic potential of freshwater sediments (i) during the dry period and (ii) after extensive rain events by collecting sediment samples in one small anthropogenically impacted river in Germany up- and downstream of the local wastewater treatment plant. The Micronucleus and Ames fluctuation assays with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, YG1041, and YG1042 were used to assess the genotoxic potential of organic sediment extracts. For evaluation of possible genotoxicity drivers, target analysis for 168 chemical compounds was performed. No clastogenic effects were observed, while the genotoxic potential was observed at all sampling sites primarily driven by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitroarenes, aromatic amines, and polycyclic heteroarenes. Freshwater sediments\' genotoxic potential increased after extensive rain events due to sediment perturbation and the rainwater overflow basin release. In the present study, the rainwater overflow basin was a significant source for particle-bound pollutants from untreated wastewater, suggesting its role as a possible source of genotoxic potential. The present study showed high sensitivity and applicability of the bacterial Salmonella typhimurium strains YG1041 and YG1042 to organic sediment extracts to assess the different classes of genotoxic compounds. A combination of effect-based methods and a chemical analysis was shown as a suitable tool for a genotoxic assessment of freshwater sediments.
摘要：
污水处理厂的废水和雨水溢流盆地的释放可能有助于水生生态系统中遗传毒性微污染物的输入。主要亲脂性基因毒性化合物倾向于吸附颗粒物，使沉积物成为污染源和污染源。因此,本研究旨在调查淡水沉积物的基因毒性潜力（i）在干旱时期和（ii）通过在德国当地污水处理厂上游和下游的一条小型人为影响河流中收集沉积物样本，在广泛的降雨事件之后。使用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株TA98，TA100，YG1041和YG1042的微核和Ames波动测定法来评估有机沉积物提取物的遗传毒性潜力。为了评估可能的遗传毒性驱动因素，对168种化合物进行了目标分析。没有观察到致裂作用，虽然在所有采样点都观察到了遗传毒性潜力，主要是由多环芳烃驱动的，硝基芳烃，芳香胺，和多环杂芳烃。由于沉积物扰动和雨水溢出盆地的释放，大量降雨事件后，淡水沉积物的遗传毒性潜力增加。在本研究中,雨水溢流池是未经处理的废水中颗粒结合污染物的重要来源，表明其作为基因毒性潜力的可能来源的作用。本研究显示了细菌鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株YG1041和YG1042对有机沉积物提取物的高灵敏度和适用性，以评估不同类别的遗传毒性化合物。基于效果的方法和化学分析的组合被证明是对淡水沉积物进行基因毒性评估的合适工具。
