Abstract：
Injury to the peripheral nerve is traditionally referred to acquired nerve injury as they are the result of physical trauma due to laceration, stretch, crush and compression of nerves. However, peripheral nerve injury may not be completely limited to acquired physical trauma. Peripheral nerve injury equally implies clinical conditions like Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), Carpal tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. Physical trauma is commonly mono-neuropathic as it engages a single nerve and produces focal damage, while in the context of pathological conditions the damage is divergent involving a group of the nerve causing polyneuropathy. Damage to the peripheral nerve can cause a diverse range of manifestations from sensory impairment to loss of function with unpredictable recovery patterns. Presently no treatment option provides complete or functional recovery in nerve injury, as nerve cells are highly differentiated and inert to regeneration. However, the regenerative phenotypes in Schwann cells get expressed when a signalling cascade is triggered by neurotrophins. Neurotrophins are one of the promising biomolecules that are released naturally post-injury with the potential to exhibit better functional recovery. Pharmacological intervention modulating the expression of these neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) can prove to be a significant treatment option as endogenous compounds which may have remarkable innate advantage showing maximum \'biological relevance\'.
摘要：
周围神经损伤传统上被称为获得性神经损伤，因为它们是由于裂伤引起的物理创伤的结果。伸展,挤压和压迫神经。然而,周围神经损伤可能不完全限于获得性物理创伤。周围神经损伤同样意味着临床症状，如格林-巴利综合征(GBS)，腕管综合征,类风湿性关节炎和糖尿病.物理创伤通常是单神经性的，因为它接合单个神经并产生局灶性损伤，而在病理情况下，损伤是不同的，涉及一组引起多发性神经病的神经。对周围神经的损伤可导致从感觉障碍到功能丧失的各种表现,具有不可预测的恢复模式。目前没有治疗选择提供神经损伤的完全或功能恢复，神经细胞高度分化，对再生呈惰性。然而,当神经营养蛋白触发信号级联时，雪旺氏细胞中的再生表型得到表达。神经营养蛋白是损伤后自然释放的有前途的生物分子之一，具有表现出更好的功能恢复的潜力。调节这些神经营养蛋白如脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽（PACAP）的表达的药物干预可以证明是一种重要的治疗选择，因为内源性化合物可能具有显着的先天优势，显示出最大的“生物学相关性”。
