PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Structural and functional integrity of the cerebral vasculature ensures proper brain development and function, as well as healthy aging. The inability of the brain to store energy makes it exceptionally dependent on an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream for matching colossal demands of neural and glial cells. Key vascular features including a dense vasculature, a tightly controlled environment, and the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) all take part in brain health throughout life. As such, healthy brain development and aging are both ensured by the anatomical and functional interaction between the vascular and nervous systems that are established during brain development and maintained throughout the lifespan. During critical periods of brain development, vascular networks remodel until they can actively respond to increases in neural activity through neurovascular coupling, which makes the brain particularly vulnerable to neurovascular alterations. The brain vasculature has been strongly associated with the onset and/or progression of conditions associated with aging, and more recently with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our understanding of cerebrovascular contributions to neurological disorders is rapidly evolving, and increasing evidence shows that deficits in angiogenesis, CBF and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are causally linked to cognitive impairment. Moreover, it is of utmost curiosity that although neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders express different clinical features at different stages of life, they share similar vascular abnormalities. In this review, we present an overview of vascular dysfunctions associated with neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Down Syndrome) and neurodegenerative (multiple sclerosis, Huntington\'s, Parkinson\'s, and Alzheimer\'s diseases) disorders, with a focus on impairments in angiogenesis, CBF and the BBB. Finally, we discuss the impact of early vascular impairments on the expression of neurodegenerative diseases.
摘要：
脑血管系统的结构和功能完整性确保适当的大脑发育和功能，以及健康的衰老。大脑无法储存能量，这使得它异常依赖于血液中充足的氧气和营养供应，以满足神经和神经胶质细胞的巨大需求。关键血管特征，包括致密的脉管系统，严格控制的环境，脑血流量（CBF）的调节都参与了整个生命中的大脑健康。因此，健康的大脑发育和衰老都是通过在大脑发育过程中建立并在整个生命周期中维持的血管和神经系统之间的解剖和功能相互作用来确保的。在大脑发育的关键时期，血管网络重新建模，直到它们可以通过神经血管耦合对神经活动的增加做出积极反应，这使得大脑特别容易受到神经血管改变的影响。脑血管系统与衰老相关病症的发作和/或进展密切相关，以及最近的神经发育障碍。我们对脑血管疾病对神经系统疾病的影响的理解正在迅速发展，越来越多的证据表明血管生成缺陷，CBF和血脑屏障（BBB）与认知障碍有因果关系。此外，令人非常好奇的是，尽管神经发育和神经退行性疾病在生命的不同阶段表现出不同的临床特征，他们有相似的血管异常.在这次审查中,我们概述了与神经发育相关的血管功能障碍（自闭症谱系障碍，精神分裂症,唐氏综合症）和神经退行性（多发性硬化症，亨廷顿,帕金森,和阿尔茨海默病）障碍，专注于血管生成的损伤，CBF和BBB。最后,我们讨论了早期血管损伤对神经退行性疾病表达的影响。
