Abstract：
Breast tumors are among the most common types of tumors that can affect both genders. It may spread to the whole breast without any symptoms. Therefore, the early detection and accurate diagnosis of breast tumors are significantly important. Current approaches for breast cancer screening such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have some limitations of being time and money-consuming. In addition, mammography screening is not recommended for women under forty. Consequently, optical techniques have been introduced as safe and functional alternatives. Diffuse optical imaging is a non-invasive imaging technique that utilizes near-infrared light to examine biological tissues based on measuring the optical transmission and/or reflection at various locations on the tissue surface. In this paper, we propose a modified arrangement between the laser source and the detectors for distinguishing tumors from normal breast tissue. A three-dimensional model of the normal human breast with three types of tumors is developed using a COMSOL simulation software based on the finite element solution of Helmholtz equation to estimate optical fluence distribution. The breast model consists of four layers: skin, fat, glandular, and muscle, where the tumor is included in the glandular layer. Different wavelengths were used to determine the most proper wavelength for the discrimination between the normal tissue and tumor. The obtained results were verified using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method. The resultant fluence images show different features between normal breast and breast with tumor especially using 600-nm incident laser as demonstrated by the obtained ROC curves.
摘要：
乳腺肿瘤是可以影响两种性别的最常见的肿瘤类型之一。它可能扩散到整个乳房，没有任何症状。因此,乳腺肿瘤的早期发现和准确诊断具有重要意义。目前用于乳腺癌筛查的方法如正电子发射断层扫描(PET)和磁共振成像(MRI)具有一些耗时和耗时的局限性。此外,不建议40岁以下的女性进行乳房X线检查。因此,光学技术已被引入作为安全和功能的替代品。漫射光学成像是一种非侵入性成像技术,其利用近红外光基于测量组织表面上各个位置处的光学透射和/或反射来检查生物组织。在本文中,我们建议在激光源和探测器之间进行改进的布置，以区分肿瘤和正常乳腺组织。基于Helmholtz方程的有限元解，使用COMSOL仿真软件开发了具有三种类型肿瘤的正常人乳房的三维模型，以估计光通量分布。乳房模型由四层组成：皮肤，脂肪，腺体,和肌肉，其中肿瘤包含在腺层中。使用不同的波长来确定用于区分正常组织和肿瘤的最合适的波长。使用接收器工作特性（ROC）方法验证了获得的结果。所得的注量图像显示了正常乳房和具有肿瘤的乳房之间的不同特征,尤其是使用600nm入射激光,如获得的ROC曲线所示。
