Abstract：
Lipid metabolism dysregulation is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Specific oxidized lipids are recognized CVD biomarkers involved in all stages of atherosclerosis, including foam cell formation. Moderate coffee intake is positively associated with cardiovascular health. A randomized, controlled (n = 25) clinical trial was conducted in healthy subjects to assess the changes in lipid species relevant to CVD (main inclusion criteria: coffee drinkers, nonsmokers, with no history and/or diagnosis of chronic disease and not consuming any medications). Volunteers consumed a coffee beverage (400 mL/day) containing either 787 mg (coffee A; n = 24) or 407 mg (coffee B; n = 25) of chlorogenic acids for eight weeks. We measured the total plasma levels of 46 lipids, including fatty acids, sterols, and oxysterols, at baseline and after eight weeks and assessed the effects of chlorogenic and phenolic acids, the major coffee antioxidants, in an in vitro foam cell model via targeted lipidomics. At baseline (n = 74), all participants presented oxysterols and free fatty acids (FFAs) (CVD risk markers), which are closely correlated to among them, but not with the classical clinical variables (lipid profile, waist circumference, and BMI). After eight weeks, the control group lipidome showed an increase in oxysterols (+7 ± 10%) and was strongly correlated with FFAs (e.g., arachidonic acid) and cholesteryl ester reduction (-13 ± 7%). Notably, the coffee group subjects (n = 49) had increased cholesteryl esters (+9 ± 11%), while oxysterols (-71 ± 30%) and FFAs (-29 ± 26%) decreased. No differences were found between the consumption of coffees A and B. Additionally, coffee antioxidants decreased oxysterols and regulated arachidonic acid in foam cells. Our results suggest that coffee consumption modulates the generation of oxidized and inflammatory lipids in healthy subjects, which are fundamental during CVD development. The clinical trial was registered on the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, WHO primary registry (RPCEC00000168).
摘要：
脂质代谢失调与心血管疾病（CVD）风险有关。特定的氧化脂质是公认的涉及动脉粥样硬化的所有阶段的CVD生物标志物，包括泡沫细胞的形成。适度的咖啡摄入量与心血管健康呈正相关。一个随机的，在健康受试者中进行了对照（n=25）临床试验，以评估与CVD相关的脂质种类的变化（主要纳入标准：喝咖啡者，不吸烟者,没有慢性病病史和/或诊断，也没有服用任何药物）。志愿者食用含有787mg（咖啡A；n=24）或407mg（咖啡B；n=25）绿原酸的咖啡饮料（400mL/天），持续八周。我们测量了46种脂质的总血浆水平，包括脂肪酸,固醇,和氧固醇,在基线和八周后，评估了绿原酸和酚酸的影响，主要的咖啡抗氧化剂，通过靶向脂质组学在体外泡沫细胞模型中。在基线（n=74），所有参与者都提供了氧固醇和游离脂肪酸（FFA）（CVD风险标志物），它们之间密切相关，但不是经典的临床变量(血脂，腰围,和BMI）。八周后,对照组lipidome显示氧固醇增加（7±10％），并且与FFA密切相关（例如，花生四烯酸）和胆固醇酯还原（-13±7％）。值得注意的是,咖啡组受试者（n=49）胆固醇酯增加（+9±11%），而氧固醇(-71±30%)和FFA(-29±26%)降低。咖啡A和B的消费量没有差异。此外，咖啡抗氧化剂减少了泡沫细胞中的氧固醇并调节了花生四烯酸。我们的结果表明，咖啡消费调节健康受试者氧化和炎症脂质的产生，这是CVD发展的基础。临床试验已在国际临床试验注册平台上注册，世卫组织初级登记处(RPCEC00000168)。
