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Abstract：
In view of the advancement in the understanding about the most diverse types of cancer and consequently a relentless search for a cure and increased survival rates of cancer patients, finding a therapy that is able to combat the mechanism of aggression of this disease is extremely important. Thus, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have demonstrated great benefits in the treatment of cancer because it mediates antitumor effects in several ways. Viruses can be used to infect cancer cells, especially over normal cells, to present tumor-associated antigens, to activate \"danger signals\" that generate a less immune-tolerant tumor microenvironment, and to serve transduction vehicles for expression of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines. The success of therapies using OVs was initially demonstrated by the use of the genetically modified herpes virus, talimogene laherparepvec, for the treatment of melanoma. At this time, several OVs are being studied as a potential treatment for cancer in clinical trials. However, it is necessary to be aware of the safety and possible adverse effects of this therapy; after all, an effective treatment for cancer should promote regression, attack the tumor, and in the meantime induce minimal systemic repercussions. In this manuscript, we will present a current review of the mechanism of action of OVs, main clinical uses, updates, and future perspectives on this treatment.
摘要：
鉴于对最不同类型癌症的理解的进步，以及因此对治愈和提高癌症患者生存率的不懈追求，找到一种能够对抗这种疾病侵袭机制的疗法是非常重要的。因此，溶瘤病毒（OVs）在癌症治疗中显示出巨大的益处，因为它以多种方式介导抗肿瘤作用。病毒可以用来感染癌细胞,特别是在正常细胞上，呈递肿瘤相关抗原，激活“危险信号”，产生免疫耐受较低的肿瘤微环境，并提供用于表达炎症和免疫调节细胞因子的转导载体。使用OVs治疗的成功最初是通过使用转基因疱疹病毒来证明的，talimogenelaherparepvec,用于治疗黑色素瘤。此时,在临床试验中，正在研究几种OV作为癌症的潜在治疗方法。然而,有必要意识到这种疗法的安全性和可能的副作用;毕竟，对癌症的有效治疗应该促进消退，攻击肿瘤，同时引起最小的系统性影响。在这份手稿中,我们将对OVs的作用机制进行最新的审查，主要临床用途，更新,以及对这种治疗的未来看法。
