Abstract：
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer treatment. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a common side effect which can mimic infection. Additionally, treatment of irAEs with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressant agents can lead to opportunistic infection, which we have classed as immunotherapy infections due to immunosuppression. However, emerging reports demonstrate that some infections can be precipitated by ICIs in the absence of immunosuppressive treatment, in contrast to the majority of reported cases. These infections are characterised by a dysregulated inflammatory immune response, and so we propose they are described as immunotherapy infections due to dysregulated immunity. This review summarises the rapidly emerging evidence of these phenomena and proposes a new framework for considering infection in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
摘要：
免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）彻底改变了癌症治疗。然而,免疫相关不良事件（irAE）是一种常见的副作用，可以模拟感染。此外,用皮质类固醇和其他免疫抑制剂治疗irAE可导致机会性感染，由于免疫抑制，我们将其归类为免疫疗法感染。然而,新出现的报告表明，在没有免疫抑制治疗的情况下，一些感染可以由ICIs引起，与大多数报告的病例相反。这些感染的特征是炎症免疫反应失调，因此，我们认为它们被描述为由于免疫失调引起的免疫疗法感染。这篇综述总结了这些现象的迅速出现的证据，并提出了在癌症免疫治疗背景下考虑感染的新框架。
