PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Filial imprinting is a dedicated learning process that lacks explicit reinforcement. The phenomenon itself is narrowly heritably canalized, but its content, the representation of the parental object, reflects the circumstances of the newborn. Imprinting has recently been shown to be even more subtle and complex than previously envisaged, since ducklings and chicks are now known to select and represent for later generalization abstract conceptual properties of the objects they perceive as neonates, including movement pattern, heterogeneity and inter-component relationships of same or different. Here, we investigate day-old Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings\' bias towards imprinting on acoustic stimuli made from mallards\' vocalizations as opposed to white noise, whether they imprint on the temporal structure of brief acoustic stimuli of either kind, and whether they generalize timing information across the two sounds. Our data are consistent with a strong innate preference for natural sounds, but do not reliably establish sensitivity to temporal relations. This fits with the view that imprinting includes the establishment of representations of both primary percepts and selective abstract properties of their early perceptual input, meshing together genetically transmitted prior pre-dispositions with active selection and processing of the perceptual input.
摘要：
孝道印记是一个专门的学习过程，缺乏明确的强化。这种现象本身是狭隘的传统，但它的内容，父对象的表示，反映了新生儿的情况。最近已经证明压印比以前设想的更加微妙和复杂，由于现在已知小鸭和小鸡可以选择和表示它们认为是新生儿的对象的抽象概念属性，以便以后进行概括，包括运动模式，相同或不同的异质性和组件间关系。这里,我们调查了一天大的野鸭（Anasplatyrhynchos）小鸭\'偏向于对野鸭发出的声音刺激的印记，而不是白噪声，它们是否印在任何一种短暂的声学刺激的时间结构上，以及它们是否在两种声音中概括时间信息。我们的数据与对自然声音的强烈天生偏好一致，但不能可靠地建立对时间关系的敏感性。这符合以下观点，即印记包括建立主要感知的表示形式和其早期感知输入的选择性抽象属性，将遗传传递的先验倾向与感知输入的主动选择和处理结合在一起。
