PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Fungi are an essential component of any ecosystem, but they can also cause mild and severe plant diseases. Plant diseases are caused by a wide array of fungal groups that affect a diverse range of hosts with different tissue specificities. Fungi were previously named based only on morphology and, in many cases, host association, which has led to superfluous species names and synonyms. Morphology-based identification represents an important method for genus level identification and molecular data are important to accurately identify species. Accurate identification of fungal pathogens is vital as the scientific name links the knowledge concerning a species including the biology, host range, distribution, and potential risk of the pathogen, which are vital for effective control measures. Thus, in the modern era, a polyphasic approach is recommended when identifying fungal pathogens. It is also important to determine if the organism is capable of causing host damage, which usually relies on the application of Koch\'s postulates for fungal plant pathogens. The importance and the challenges of applying Koch\'s postulates are discussed. Bradford Hill criteria, which are generally used in establishing the cause of human disease, are briefly introduced. We provide guidelines for pathogenicity testing based on the implementation of modified Koch\'s postulates incorporating biological gradient, consistency, and plausibility criteria from Bradford Hill. We provide a set of protocols for fungal pathogenicity testing along with a severity score guide, which takes into consideration the depth of lesions. The application of a standard protocol for fungal pathogenicity testing and disease assessment in plants will enable inter-studies comparison, thus improving accuracy. When introducing novel plant pathogenic fungal species without proving the taxon is the causal agent using Koch\'s postulates, we advise the use of the term associated with the \"disease symptoms\" of \"the host plant\". Where possible, details of disease symptoms should be clearly articulated.
摘要：
真菌是任何生态系统的重要组成部分，但它们也会引起轻度和严重的植物病害。植物病害是由影响具有不同组织特异性的多种宿主的多种真菌群引起的。真菌以前仅根据形态命名，在许多情况下,主机协会,这导致了多余的物种名称和同义词。基于形态学的鉴定代表了属水平鉴定的重要方法，分子数据对于准确鉴定物种很重要。真菌病原体的准确鉴定至关重要，因为科学名称将包括生物学在内的物种知识联系在一起。主机范围,分布，和病原体的潜在风险，这对于有效的控制措施至关重要。因此，在现代，在识别真菌病原体时，建议采用多相方法。确定生物体是否能够引起宿主损伤也很重要，这通常依赖于Koch对真菌植物病原体的假设的应用。讨论了应用科赫假设的重要性和挑战。布拉德福德希尔标准,通常用于确定人类疾病的原因，简要介绍。WeprovideguidelinesforpathicacytestingbasedontheimplementationofmodifiedKoch\'spostulatesincorporatingbiologicalgradient,一致性,和布拉德福德·希尔的可信性标准。我们提供了一套用于真菌致病性测试的方案以及严重程度评分指南，考虑到病变的深度。在植物中进行真菌致病性测试和疾病评估的标准协议的应用将使研究之间的比较成为可能。从而提高准确性。当引入新的植物病原真菌物种时，没有证明分类单元是使用科赫的假设的病原体，我们建议使用与“寄主植物”的“疾病症状”相关的术语。在可能的情况下,疾病症状的细节应该清楚地阐述。
