Abstract：
Chameleon labels (ChLs) possess the unique property of changing (visible) color and fluorescence on binding to amino groups of biomolecules. MostChLs react with primary aliphatic amino groups such as those in lysine or with amino groups artificially introduced into polynucleic acids or saccharides, but someothers also react with secondary amino groups. Under controlled circumstances, the reactions are fairly specific. The review is subdivided into the following sections: (1) An introduction and classification of fluorescent labels; (2) pyrylium labels that undergo shortwave color changes upon labelling, typically from blue to red; (3) polymethine type of labels (that also undergo shortwave color changes, typically from green to blue; (4) various other (less common) chromogenic and fluorogenic systems; (5) hemicyanine labels that undergolongwavecolor changes, typically from yellow to purple; (6) the application of ChLs to labeling of proteins and oligonucleotides; (7) applications to fluorometric assays and sensing; (8) applications to fluorescence imaging of biomolecules; (9) applications in studies on affinity interactions (receptor-ligand binding); (10) applications in surface and interface chemistry; and (11) applications in chromatography, electrophoresis and isotachophoresis of biomolecules.
摘要：
变色龙标记(ChLs)在与生物分子的氨基结合时具有改变(可见)颜色和荧光的独特性质。MostChLs与脂族伯氨基反应，如赖氨酸中的那些，或与人工引入多聚核酸或糖类的氨基反应，但其他人也与仲氨基反应。在受控的情况下，反应相当具体。该评论细分为以下部分：（1）荧光标签的介绍和分类；（2）标记时发生短波颜色变化的吡喃合金标签，通常从蓝色到红色；(3)多甲基类型的标签(也经历短波颜色变化，通常从绿色到蓝色；（4）各种其他（不太常见的）显色和荧光系统；（5）在golongwavecoor变化下的半色素标记，通常从黄色到紫色；（6）ChLs在蛋白质和寡核苷酸标记中的应用；（7）在荧光测定和传感中的应用；（8）在生物分子荧光成像中的应用；（9）在亲和相互作用研究中的应用（受体-配体结合）；（10）在表面和界面化学中的应用；（11）在色谱中的应用，生物分子的电泳和等速电泳。
