Abstract：
Although environmental awareness has reached a high level, enterprises-regardless of their working domains-follow the concept of greenness for their practices. This awareness among the stakeholders and supply chain experts has a positive impact on the purchasing departments of enterprises in various sectors to consider greenness in their procurement processes. The critical decision that must be made in green supply chain management (GSCM) is supplier selection. In the textile industry, a highly competitive market in recent years, suppliers for this industry have crucial roles in business activities considering environmental issues. Therefore, green supplier selection (GSS) in the textile industry is considered a must-be process for the stakeholders. In this study, a GSS problem is tackled as a multi-criteria decision process. Best worst method (BWM) and TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multi-criteria decision-making) methods are merged under an improved fuzzy concept of interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs). In determining green suppliers\' evaluation criteria, BWM with interval type-2 fuzzy numbers (IT2F-BWM) is used. In selecting green suppliers, an interval type-2 fuzzy TODIM (IT2F-TODIM) is applied. Considering the characteristics of IT2FSs, BWM, and TODIM methods either individually and in integrated style, the proposed approach can handle uncertainty in the decision-making of GSS. To demonstrate the applicability of the approach, a case study in the Turkish textile industry is performed. Three green supplier alternatives (S1, S2, and S3) are assessed under forty-two sub-criteria. The study shows the most significant sub-criteria are recognized as dye and print quality, product design and pattern suitability, profit on the product, variation in price, and purchase cost. S2 green supplier has been selected as the most appropriate one. A sensitivity analysis is also fulfilled to check variation in the ranking of green suppliers.
摘要：
虽然环保意识已经达到了很高的水平，企业-无论其工作领域如何-都遵循绿色理念。利益相关者和供应链专家的这种意识对各个部门企业的采购部门在采购过程中考虑绿色具有积极影响。绿色供应链管理（GSCM）中必须做出的关键决策是供应商选择。在纺织业,近年来竞争激烈的市场，考虑到环境问题，该行业的供应商在商业活动中起着至关重要的作用。因此,纺织行业的绿色供应商选择（GSS）被认为是利益相关者的必经之路。在这项研究中,GSS问题作为多准则决策过程来解决。最佳最差方法（BWM）和TODIM（葡萄牙语中交互式和多准则决策的缩写）方法在区间2型模糊集（IT2FS）的改进模糊概念下合并。在确定绿色供应商的评估标准时，使用具有区间类型2模糊数的BWM(IT2F-BWM)。在选择绿色供应商时，应用区间二型模糊TODIM(IT2F-TODIM)。考虑到IT2FS的特点，BWM,和TODIM方法无论是单独的还是集成的，所提出的方法可以处理GSS决策中的不确定性。为了证明该方法的适用性，对土耳其纺织业进行了案例研究。根据42个次级标准评估了三个绿色供应商替代品（S1，S2和S3）。研究表明，最重要的次级标准被认为是染料和印刷质量，产品设计和图案适用性，产品的利润，价格变化，和购买成本。S2绿色供应商已被选为最合适的供应商。还进行了敏感性分析，以检查绿色供应商排名的变化。
