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Abstract：
To prevent re-infection and provide a hermetic seal of the root canal system, an endodontist must aim to produce a void-free obturation. This review aimed to compare the completeness of root canal obturation between the two most prevalent methods-cold lateral condensation and warm gutta-percha techniques-using micro-CT (PROSPERO reg no. 249815).
METHODS: A search of Scopus, Embase, PubMed (Medline via PubMed), and Web of Science databases was done without any time restriction according to the PRISMA protocol. Articles that compared both techniques and were published in English were included. Data was extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using an adapted tool based on previous studies.
RESULTS: A total of 141 studies were identified by the search. Following the screening and selection of articles, 9 studies were included for review. Data was extracted manually and tabulated. Most studies had a moderate risk of bias. None determined operator skill in both methods before comparison. The data extracted from the included studies suggests that both techniques produce voids in the obturation. The thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques may result in fewer voids compared to cold lateral condensation.
CONCLUSIONS: Considering the limitations of the included studies, it was concluded that neither technique could completely obturate the root canal. Thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques showed better outcomes despite a possible learning bias in favor of cold lateral condensation. Establishing operator skills before comparison may help reduce this bias.
METHODS: A search of Scopus, Embase, PubMed (Medline via PubMed), and Web of Science databases was done without any time restriction according to the PRISMA protocol. Articles that compared both techniques and were published in English were included. Data was extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using an adapted tool based on previous studies.
RESULTS: A total of 141 studies were identified by the search. Following the screening and selection of articles, 9 studies were included for review. Data was extracted manually and tabulated. Most studies had a moderate risk of bias. None determined operator skill in both methods before comparison. The data extracted from the included studies suggests that both techniques produce voids in the obturation. The thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques may result in fewer voids compared to cold lateral condensation.
CONCLUSIONS: Considering the limitations of the included studies, it was concluded that neither technique could completely obturate the root canal. Thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques showed better outcomes despite a possible learning bias in favor of cold lateral condensation. Establishing operator skills before comparison may help reduce this bias.
摘要：
为了防止再感染并提供根管系统的气密密封，牙髓医生必须致力于产生无空隙的闭塞。这篇综述旨在使用micro-CT比较两种最普遍的方法-冷侧向冷凝和温牙胶技术-根管闭塞的完整性（PROSPEROregno。249815)。
方法：搜索Scopus，Embase,PubMed（通过PubMed提供的Medline），根据PRISMA协议，WebofScience数据库没有任何时间限制。包括比较两种技术并以英文发表的文章。提取数据并使用基于先前研究的适应性工具评估偏倚风险。
结果：通过搜索确定了总共141项研究。在筛选和选择文章之后，9项研究纳入审查。手动提取数据并制表。大多数研究有中等偏倚风险。在比较之前，没有确定两种方法的操作员技能。从所包括的研究中提取的数据表明，两种技术都会在闭塞中产生空隙。与冷的横向冷凝相比,热塑化的古塔胶胶技术可导致更少的空隙。
结论：考虑到纳入研究的局限性，结论是两种技术都不能完全封闭根管。尽管可能存在有利于冷侧向冷凝的学习偏差，但热增塑的古塔胶胶技术仍显示出更好的结果。在比较之前建立操作员技能可能有助于减少这种偏差。
方法：搜索Scopus，Embase,PubMed（通过PubMed提供的Medline），根据PRISMA协议，WebofScience数据库没有任何时间限制。包括比较两种技术并以英文发表的文章。提取数据并使用基于先前研究的适应性工具评估偏倚风险。
结果：通过搜索确定了总共141项研究。在筛选和选择文章之后，9项研究纳入审查。手动提取数据并制表。大多数研究有中等偏倚风险。在比较之前，没有确定两种方法的操作员技能。从所包括的研究中提取的数据表明，两种技术都会在闭塞中产生空隙。与冷的横向冷凝相比,热塑化的古塔胶胶技术可导致更少的空隙。
结论：考虑到纳入研究的局限性，结论是两种技术都不能完全封闭根管。尽管可能存在有利于冷侧向冷凝的学习偏差，但热增塑的古塔胶胶技术仍显示出更好的结果。在比较之前建立操作员技能可能有助于减少这种偏差。
